Boundary Extraction

The goal of boundary extraction is to find the pixels that are on the
boundary of objects in the image.

 Course Name: Digital Image Processing Level(UG/PG): UG

 Author(s) : Phani Swathi Chitta

Mentor: Prof. Saravanan Vijayakumaran

*The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license
 Learning Objectives
After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to:
• Explain the basic morphological Algorithm (Boundary Extraction)
 Definitions of the components/Keywords:

1 • The boundary of a set A, denoted as β(A), can be obtained by first

eroding A by B and then performing the set difference between A and
its erosion as follows:

2 where B is a suitable structuring element.

• To extract boundary of a set A:

- First erode A (make A smaller) using structuring element B

- A – erode(A)
3
• The thicker boundaries can be obtained by increasing the size of structuring
element.

5
 Master Layout 1
1 Original Image
Image after boundary extraction

3
• Give radio buttons to select any one
structuring element of sizes 5x5, 7x7, 11x11
• The structuring elements (SE) are
4

5
 Step 1:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• Show the original image first then show
the structuring element selected by the
user
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The original image
• The structuring element

• The text in DT should appear in parallel to

the figures

5
 Step 2: SE 5x5
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of
SE moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 5x5

5
 Step 3:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 5x5

5
 Step 4:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 5x5

5
 Step 5:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 5x5

5
 Step 6:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 5x5

5
 Step 7: SE 7x7
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 7x7

5
 Step 8:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 7x7

5
 Step 9:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 7x7

5
 Step 10:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 7x7

5
 Step 11:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 7x7

5
 Step 12: SE 11x11
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 11x11

5
 Step 13:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 11x11

5
 Step 14:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 11x11

5
 Step 15:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 11x11

5
 Step 16:
1

3
4 Instruction for the animator
• The SE must move on the original image
such that the center of the SE must move
pixel by pixel on the original image
• The text in DT should appear in parallel to
the figures
Text to be displayed in the working area (DT)
• The left image is the original image.
• The Structuring Element is moving on the image such that the center of SE
moves pixel by pixel.
• The SE used for erosion is of size 11x11

5
Electrical Engineering
Slide Slide Slide Slide
1 3 23, 24,25 26
Test your understanding Want to know more…
Introduction Definitions Analogy Lets Sum up (summary)
(questionnaire) (Further Reading)

Interactivity:
Try it yourself

 Select any one of the

figures
a b
c d

 Select the size of

structuring element

21
Credits
1 Questionnaire

1.If the size of Structuring Element increases, what

2 happens to the width of the boundary?

Answers: a) Increase b) Decrease

3

4
5
 Questionnaire
1 2.

Image A Image B:Structuring Element(7x7)

3 What is the boundary extracted image of ‘A’ using structuring
element (image B)?

4 Answers: a) b)

5
 Questionnaire
1 2.

Image a Image b:Structuring Element(7x7)

3 What is the resulting image after eroding the image a using
structuring element (image b)?

4 Answers: c) d)

5
 Links for further reading
Reference websites:
http://www.ee.lamar.edu/gleb/dip/10-2%20-
%20Morphological%20Image%20Processing.pdf
http://faraday.ee.emu.edu.tr/ee583/Lectures/EE%20583-
Lecture10.pdf

Books:
Digital Image Processing – Rafael C. Gonzalez,
Richard E. Woods, Third edition, Prentice Hall