Country Profile

Power Sectors in Pakistan
Training Course on Nuclear Policy, Planning,

….
04 November – 01 Decemebr, 2010
By
Muhammad Hassawn Sammy, Senior Engineer, K-2
Muhammad Mubbashir Iqbal, Senior Engineer, DNPE-P
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic
Pakistan
Energy Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
Commission
Slide 1
Country Overview
Full country name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Population: 167 million (Pakistan Economic Survey-2010).
Border countries: Afghanistan, India, Iran and China.
Climate: can vary between regions.
Currency: Rupee
Type of economy: mixed economy.
Health of economy: the economy has suffered from the recent law and
order situation due to war against terror, global economic recession,
shortage of energy (electricity and gas), widening of trade gap due to large
import of crude oil, petroleum products and food items. The country’s main
income is currently from agriculture and manufacturing.
Unemployment rate: 5.5% (Labor Force Survey 2009, Federal Bureau of
Statistics, Pakistan).
Main exports: textile products, rice, cotton, leather goods.
Pakistan
Commission
Slide 2
Country Geography
TAJIKISTAN CHINA
N
TA
IS
N
A
H
FG
CHASNUPP 1 & 2
A
IA
D
IN
IRAN
KANUPP

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 3
Country Energy & Electricity Profile

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 4
Country’s Peak Demand & Supply Future Pojections
( Source: Joint Secretary (Power), GOP, Jun-2010)

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 5
Pakistan Energy Policy
 In Pakistan, power generation is mainly in the public sector with two vertically
integrated utilities. In view of the electricity demand patterns and lack of funds in
the public sector, the Government of Pakistan (GOP) decided to mobilize private
sector resources by inducting it into power generation. In November 1985, the
GOP announced measures to encourage private sector participation in the power
sector. These initiatives were followed by the Power Policy in Pakistan firstly
turned up in 1994. The power policy, currently in vogue in Pakistan, is the
“Policy for Power Generation 2002. The scope of the Policy covers private,
public-private and public sector projects. The main objectives of the Policy are:
• To provide sufficient capacity for power generation at the least cost, and to avoid
capacity shortfalls;
• To encourage and ensure exploitation of indigenous resources, which include

renewable energy resources, human resources, participation of local
engineering and manufacturing capabilities;
• To ensure that all stakeholders are looked after in the process, i.e. a win-win
situation for all; and
• To be attuned to safeguarding the environment.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 6
Salient Programs for Development of Nuclear Power
 Education: In Nuclear Field and Power
Generation (Pakistan institute of
Engineering and Applied Sciences -
PIEAS, KANUPP Institute of Nuclear
Power Engineering- KINPOE, Computer
Training Centre-CTC). CHASNUPP
Centre for Nucear Training
(CHASCENT)
KANUPP Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering
 Industrial Support: Design, fabrication Medical Support Facilities

and testing (Special Engineering  Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR)
Services, National Centre of Non-  Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (INMOL)
Destructive Testing-NCNDT, Pakistan  Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicines (PINUM)
Welding Institute-PWI)  Institute of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM)
 Centre for Nuclear Medicines (CENUM)
 Medical fields: Diagnostic and Therapy  Nuclear Institute of Medicine & Radiotherapy (NIMRA)
involving radiations  Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy(CENAR)

 Bahawalpur Institute for Nuclear Oncology (BINO)
 Larkana Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (LINAR)
 Nuclear Medicine Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute(NORI)
 Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN)
 Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC)
 Institute Of Nuclear Medicine Oncology & Radiotherapy (INOR)

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 7
Salient Programs for Development of Nuclear Power
 Analytical Services: (Pakistan
Institute of Nuclear Science and
Technology-PINSTECH, Applied
System Analysis Division-
ASAD)
 Food and Agricultural Services:

Plant breeding, Pest control,
Water management.
 Research reactors (PARR-1 and

2)
 Nuclear Power: Commercial

reactors (KANUPP-1,
CHASNUPP- 1& 2)

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 8
Government Organization for Nuclear Power
Pakistan Atomic Energy Committee was

established in 1955.
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission was

established in 1956.
In 1964, 1965 and 1973 its reorganization

took place and the Atomic Energy
Commission was declared as a statutory
body.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 9
Pakistan
Commission
Slide 10
KANUPP
Research Reactors
 There are two research reactors

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 11
Pakistan Research Reactor-1
PARR-1- Originally, a 5MW
Swimming Pool type, built
(1965) under US President
Eisenhower ‘Atom For
Peace’ Plan.
Converted to 19% Enriched

Uranium, and power rating
increased to 10 MW.
Multiple uses in R&D work

and in isotope production
for medical centers.
Pakistan
Commission
Slide 12
Pakistan Research Reactor-2
PARR-2 is a 27 kW
(Miniature Neutron
Source) reactor using
HEU fuel.
It is used for:
-neutron activation
analysis;
training of operators;
and student
experiments
Pakistan
Commission
Slide 13
Commercial Nuclear Power Plants
 Two commercially operating nuclear

power plants
One commercial nuclear power plant

under construction

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 14
Commercial Plants – First Plant
 The 137 MWe Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (K-1)
was commissioned in 1972. It is a Canadian PHWR.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 15
KANUPP Operation and Life Extension
 Vendor support was withdrawn by Canada early in plant life (that was 1976).
 Canadian technical support, only without equipment, was resumed in 1991 for safety, through
IAEA and COG.
 After operating safely for its design life of 30 years, KANUPP was shut down in 2002 for safety
retrofits and refurbishment for 15 years life extension.
 The plant has now been re-licensed -after satisfying the national regulatory requirements. It took
three years to complete the regulatory requirements.
 Fuel is manufactured locally and stored under IAEA surveillance system.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 16
Commercial Plants – Second Plant
CHASNUPP-1 (325 MWe) started operating in Sep.
2000. PAEC took full responsibility for O&M, but
technical support from vendor is available.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 17
Performance and Achievement of KANUPP
 LONGEST CONTINUOUS RUN 130 Days (2000)
 HIGHEST GENERATION 586 MkWh (1994)
 HIGHEST AVAILABILITY FACTOR 85.84 %

(1995)
 GENERATION/YEAR MORE THAN 500 MkWh 8 times
 GENERATION/YEAR MORE THAN 400 MkWh 18

times

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 18
Performance and Achievement of CHASNUPP-1
 Reactor Operation 2460 EFPDs
Generation 20122 GWh
Export 18615 GWh
Availability Factor 73.9 %
Capacity Factor 70.3 %
Longest Continuous Operation 162 Days
( up to 31st August, 2010)

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 19
Third Plant
CHASNUPP-2 (325 MWe) under construction. Expected
to start commercial operation in 2011. PAEC
contributing 50% manpower for commissioning.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 20
Improvements in CHASNUPP-2
 More than 170 design feedbacks from the operating experience of C-1
 Additional measures for detection and prevention of severe accidents, and mitigation
of their consequences
 Construction Permit based on PNRA regulation derived from the latest IAEA
Standards NS-R-1. More than 2000 PNRA queries were settled.
 C-2 is based on a Generation II design but many upgrades make it Gen II Plus.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 21
Pakistan’s Current Nuclear Power Program
 All Nuclear Power Plants and fuel Cycle facilities i.e. uranium exploration
and mining, fuel fabrication for KANUPP, and only short term waste storage
so far operated by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
Pakistan nuclear safety issues regulated by Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory

Authority (PNRA).
All Nuclear Power Plants are under IAEA Safeguards.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 22
Assessment of Design and Operational Safety
 All in all, KANUPP has had around 100 expert
missions including two WANO Peer Reviews and
one Follow up Review.
 Similarly, CHASHMA Nuclear Power Plant has

already welcomed more than 30 IAEA expert-
missions.
 Various technical activities are continuing under

IAEA Technical Cooperation Projects.
 In addition to PAEC in-house facilities, PNRA is

also setting up a Center for Nuclear Safety.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 23
Membership of International Organizations
1957 IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
1970 CAN: Canadian Nuclear Association
1974 ANS: American Nuclear Society
1977 UICC: International Union Against Cancer
1980 AAAS: American Association, of the
Advancement of Science
1989 WANO-TC: World Association of Nuclear
Operators – Tokyo Centre
1989 COG: CANDU Owners Group
1994 WANO- AC: World Association of Nuclear
Operators – Atlanta Centre
2003 WNA: World Nuclear Association

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 24
KANUPP International Reviews and Audits
1985 1st Safety Review by IAEA Operational Safety and
Review Team (OSART)
1989 2nd Safety Review by IAEA Operational Safety and
Review Team (OSART)
1989 IAEA Assessment of Safety Significant Events
Team (ASSET)
1990 Review of KANUPP Safety Features
1994 1st WANO Peer Review by Tokyo Centre
1996 WANO Peer Review Follow-up
2000 2nd WANO Peer Review by Atlanta Centre
2007 PROSPER Mission
2010 WANO Special Peer Review
Pakistan
Commission
Slide 25
Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
 The nuclear regulatory infrastructure has been in place since
1965. A nuclear safety and licensing division was established
in PAEC HQ which functioned as the de facto regulatory body
till it was upgraded to " Directorate of Nuclear Safety and
Radiation Protection" (DNSRP) after the promulgation of
Pakistan Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Ordinance
1984.
 Pakistan signed the International Convention on Nuclear

Safety in 1994, as a result of which, it became obligatory on
the part of the Government of Pakistan to establish an
independent nuclear regulatory body entrusted with the
implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework
governing nuclear power and radiation use in the country.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 26
Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
 As a transitory measure Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Board

(PNRB), within PAEC was established to oversee the
regulatory affairs.
 Complete separation of promotion and regulatory functions

and responsibilities was achieved in 2001 , when the
President of Pakistan promulgated the Pakistan Nuclear
Regulatory Authority Ordinance No.III of 2001.
 Consequently, Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)

was created.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 27
International Obligations
 Convention on Nuclear Safety
Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
Convention on Assistance in Case of a Nuclear

Accident or Radiological Emergency
Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 28
PAEC Future Program
 The government of Pakistan has chalked out a
comprehensive plan to expand power
generation to meet the demands of the
country’s rapidly growing economy.
As per country’s “Energy Security Plan”,

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has been
given the task to increase nuclear power
generation up to 8800 MWe by the year 2030.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 29
Thanks
to IAEA for arranging this useful
training for providing Decision
Support for Nuclear Power
Planning and Development. PAEC
also appreciates IAEA / WANO
supports to our NPPs.

Pakistan
Commission
Slide 30

Country Profile

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Power Sectors in Pakistan

Training Course on Nuclear Policy, Planning,

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

• To encourage and ensure exploitation of indigenous resources, which include

• To be attuned to safeguarding the environment.

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Industrial Support: Design, fabrication Medical Support Facilities

involving radiations  Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy(CENAR)

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Food and Agricultural Services:

 Research reactors (PARR-1 and

 Nuclear Power: Commercial

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Pakistan Atomic Energy Committee was

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission was

In 1964, 1965 and 1973 its reorganization

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 There are two research reactors

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Converted to 19% Enriched

Multiple uses in R&D work

 Two commercially operating nuclear

One commercial nuclear power plant

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Fuel is manufactured locally and stored under IAEA surveillance system.

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 LONGEST CONTINUOUS RUN 130 Days (2000)

 HIGHEST GENERATION 586 MkWh (1994)

 HIGHEST AVAILABILITY FACTOR 85.84 %

 GENERATION/YEAR MORE THAN 500 MkWh 8 times

 GENERATION/YEAR MORE THAN 400 MkWh 18

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Generation 20122 GWh

Export 18615 GWh

Availability Factor 73.9 %

Capacity Factor 70.3 %

Longest Continuous Operation 162 Days

( up to 31st August, 2010)

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Pakistan nuclear safety issues regulated by Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory

All Nuclear Power Plants are under IAEA Safeguards.

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Similarly, CHASHMA Nuclear Power Plant has

 Various technical activities are continuing under

 In addition to PAEC in-house facilities, PNRA is

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Pakistan signed the International Convention on Nuclear

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 As a transitory measure Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Board

 Complete separation of promotion and regulatory functions

 Consequently, Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)

Directorate of safety, Pakistan Atomic

 Convention on Nuclear Safety

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

Convention on Assistance in Case of a Nuclear