LETS STUDY …

Segmental

Phoneme

Suprasegmental
 Isa phoneme which can be segmented .
 Example :
 Indonesian Word “pasar” can be segmented
into /p/, /a/, /s/, /a/, /r/. So, it has five
segmental phonemes
 Isa phoneme which can’t be segmented or
separated because it may change the
meaning. It equips the segmental phonemes.
 The examples are;
 Stress
 Intonation
 Juncture
Is the emphasis placed
on the sound or syllable
spoken most forcefully
in a word or phrase.
Example:
Distinctions occur between verbs
and nouns
e.g. ‘insult and in’sult
‘rebel and re’bel.
In such cases the noun is always
stressed on the first syllable while
the verb is stressed on the second
syllable.
 Similarly, the stress
may distinguish
between an adjective
and a verb e.g.
‘abstract and ab’stract.
REcord reCORD
INcrease inCREASE
DEcrease decrease
IMport import
REfund reFUND
contest
Noun: CONtest
“She entered a beauty
contest.”
Verb: conTEST
“They contested the
results.”
insult
Noun: INsult
“Your offer is so low it’s
an insult.”
Verb: inSULT
“Don’t insult me!”
rewrite
Noun: Rewrite
“That’s a rewrite of an
old song.”
Verb: reWRITE
“She rewrote her story.”
desert
Noun: DEsert
“They went travelling in the
Sahara desert.”
Verb: deSERT
“The soldiers deserted their
post.”
perfume
Noun: PERfume
“He bought her a bottle
of perfume for her
birthday.”
Verb: perfume
“The roses perfumed the
room.”
Is the sound pattern of
phrases and sentences
produced by pitch variation
in the voice
• Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice
increases over time [↗];
• Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases
with time [↘];
• Dipping Intonation falls and then rises [↘↗];
• Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].
 This intonation or tone conveys an
impression that something more is
following.
Example: |I came to her house | (but
she was not at home)
 The falling tone gives an
impression of finality. No more
sentence to be said.
Example :
- |That is all my speech |
This tone shows limited
agreement, response with
reservation, uncertainty, or
doubt
Example : |I am not sure |
 This tone is used to convey
strong feelings of approval,
disapproval or surprise.
Example : |What is the hell? |
is a joining or a joint. It’s also a
point or line at which two bodies are
joined.
It used to refer to the manner of
transition from one vowel or
consonant to another.
1. INTERNAL JUNCTURE is identifies a type of juncture
that occurs within a phrase. Linguists recognize two
internal juncture:
A.INTERNAL CLOSE JUNCTURE
is the normal transition from one phoneme
to the next within an utterance.
Example:“TRAIN” the close juncture is
determined by the manner of transition / t /
to / r /.
 B. INTERNAL OPEN JUNCTURE
is manner of transition which contrasts with close
juncture. It is a phoneme since it serves to keep
meanings apart.
Example : A NAME : / n é y m /,
2. Terminal Juncture
 The term terminal juncture is refers to a juncture
that occurs AT THE END OF SENTENCES AND
PHRASES. This is also called EXTERNAL
JUNCTURE.
 There are three terminal junctures .The three
junctures are “FINAL”; they close utterances or
parts utterances.
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