12 STEM A

Group 1:
Bodkaen, Jan Allen
Mamaril, Kerubin May
Paliwen, Patrice
Rabang, Gio Benn

Eukaryotic Cells
vs.
Prokaryotic
Cells
 Cell Types
Two categories:
1. Cell that have membrane-
bound organelles: Eukaryotic Cells

2. Cells that do not have

membrane-bound organelles:
prokaryotic cells
Unicellular organisms such as bacteria are
examples of prokaryotes.
 Prokaryotic Cell
cell walls of prokaryotes are generally
formed of a different molecule
(peptidoglycan) to those of eukaryotes
(many eukaryotes do not have a cell
wall at all).
The most fundamental difference is that
eukaryotes do have "true" nuclei
containing their DNA, whereas the
genetic material in prokaryotes is not
membrane-bound.
 Prokaryotic Cell
usually much smaller than eukaryotic
cells.
have a larger surface area to
volume ratio giving them a higher
metabolic rate, a higher growth rate
and consequently a shorter
generation time compared to
Eukaryotes.
 Eukaryotic cells
Cells that contain organelles
which are held together by
membranes
Examples include plant and
animal cells.
 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

The plasma
membrane/cell
membrane
 the flexible
boundary of a cell
separates a cell
from its
surroundings
 Eukaryotic plant cell
Plant cells are
also
Eukaryotic
cells, but
plant cells
contain some
organelles
that are not
found in
animal cells.
 Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Cell Cell
the mitochondria  similar
and chloroplasts processes
perform various occur across
metabolic processes the cell
and are believed to membrane;
have been derived endosymbionts
from are extremely
endosymbiotic rare.
bacteria.
 Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
eukaryote DNA is found they contain
on tightly bound and only a
organised chromosomes. single loop
Although some of stable
eukaryotes have satellite chromosomal
DNA structures called
DNA stored
plasmids, these are
in an area
generally regarded as a
prokaryote feature and
named the
many important genes in nucleoid.
prokaryotes are stored on
plasmids.
 Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Nucleus Present Absent

Number of More than one One--but not true

Chromosomes chromosome: Plasmids

Cell Type Usually multicellular Usually unicellular ( ex.

cyanobacteria)

True Membrane bound Present Absent

Nucleus
Example Animals & Plants Bacteria and Archaea
Genetic Meiosis and fusion of Absent/Rare
Recombination gametes

Lysosomes and Present Absent

peroxisomes

Microtubules Present Absent or rare

 Eukaryotic Cell
Endoplasmic Present
Reticulum
Mitochondria Present
Cytoskeleton Present
DNA wrapping on wraps their DNA
proteins around proteins
called histones.
Ribosomes Larger
Vesicles Present
Golgi apparatus Present
Prokaryotic Cell
Absent
Absent
May be absent
Multiple proteins act
together to fold and
condense prokaryotic
DNA. Folded DNA is then
organized into a variety
of conformations that
are supercoiled and
wound around tetramers
of the HU protein.
Smaller
Present
Absent
 Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Chloroplasts Present (in plants) Absent; chlorophyll
scattered in the
cytoplasm

Flagella Microscopic in size; Submicroscopic in size,

membrane bound; usually composed of only one
arranged as nine doublets fiber
surrounding two singlets

Permeability of Selective not present

Nuclear Membrane
Plasma membrane Yes Usually no
with steroid
Cell wall Only in plant cells and Usually chemically
fungi (chemically simpler) complex
Vacuoles Present Present

Cell size 10-100um 1-10um

Bacterial cell Animal cell
Plant cell