BREASTFEEDING

O GRUP 1
O NAME :1. ANNISA DWI PUSPITA SARI
2. HELSI SURASI
3. SEFTIANAH
4. SUNDUSIAH
O CLASS : 1 B
O SUPERVISOR : Dra.Konatira, M.Pd.
O Breastfeeding is the process of giving
milk to a baby or small child with
breast milk (ASI) from the breast of the
mother. Babies use the sucking reflex to
get and swallow milk.
O Hormonal Influence
O Starting from the third month of pregnancy, a woman's body
produces hormones that stimulate the appearance of breast
milk in the breast system:
O • Progesterone: affects the growth and size of the alveoli.
Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease shortly after
giving birth. This stimulates large-scale production [9]
O • Estrogen: stimulates the milk duct system to enlarge.
Estrogen levels decline during childbirth and remain low for
several months while still breastfeeding. Therefore,
breastfeeding mothers should avoid estrogen-based
hormonal birth control, because it can reduce the amount of
milk production.
O • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
O • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
O • Prolactin: plays a role in alveoil enlargement in pregnancy.
Oxytocin: tightens the smooth muscles in the uterus during
childbirth and afterwards, as well as in orgasm. After delivery,
oxytocin also tightens the smooth muscles around the alveoli to
squeeze milk into the milk ducts. Oxytocin plays a role in the
process of decreasing let-down milk / milk ejection reflex.
• Human placental lactogen (HPL): Since the second month of
pregnancy, the placenta secretes a lot of HPL, which plays a role in
the growth of the breasts, nipples, and areola before giving birth.
In the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy, the breasts are ready to
produce milk. However, breast milk can also be produced without
pregnancy (induced lactation).
O Lactation
• When the baby sucks the
breast, a hormone called
oxytocin makes milk flow
from the alveoli, through
milk ducts (ducts / milk
canals) to the reservoir of
milk (sacs) located behind
the areola, then into the
baby's mouth.
• The process of producing,
secreting and removing
milk is called lactation.
O INDUCED LACTATION

Lactogenesis I

Lactogenesis II

Lacquer
togeneses III
 • LACTOGENESIS I
In the last phase of pregnancy, a woman's breast
enters the phase of Lactogenesis I. At that time
the breast produces colostrum, which is a thick,
yellowish liquid. At that time, high levels of
progesterone prevent actual milk production. But
it is not a medical problem if the pregnant
woman expels (leaks) colostrum before the birth
of the baby, and this is also not an indication of a
little or much actual milk production later.
 • LACTOGENESIS II
• During delivery, placental discharge causes a sudden drop in the levels of
the hormones progesterone, estrogen, and HPL, but the hormone prolactin
remains high. This results in massive milk production known as
Lactogenesis II phase.
• When the breast is stimulated, the level of prolactin in the blood rises,
peaks in a 45-minute period, and then returns to the level before
stimulation three hours later. The release of the hormone prolactin
stimulates cells in the alveoli to produce milk, and this hormone also
comes out in the milk itself. Research indicates that the level of prolactin
in milk is higher if there is more milk production, which is around 2am to
6am, but the level of prolactin is low when the breast feels full. Other
hormones, such as insulin, thyroxine, and cortisol, are also present in this
process, but the role of these hormones is unknown. Biochemical markers
indicate that the process of lactogenesis II begins around 30-40 hours
after giving birth, but usually new mothers feel full breasts about 50-73
hours (2-3 days) after giving birth. That is, indeed the production of
breast milk is actually not immediately after giving birth.
 • LACQUER TOGENESIS III

The endocrine hormone control system regulates milk production

during pregnancy and the first few days after giving birth. When
milk production begins to stabilize, the autocrine control system
begins. This phase is called Lactogenesis III.
At this stage, if a lot of milk is removed, the breast will produce a
lot of milk too. Research has concluded that if the breast is
emptied completely it will also increase the level of milk
production. Thus, milk production is strongly influenced by how
often and how well the baby sucks, and also how often the breasts
are emptied.
 Low milk production is a result of:
• Breastfeeding less or breastfeeding less often
• If the baby is unable to suck the breast milk
effectively, partly as a result of:
o Poor mouth and jaw structure
o Incorrect attachment technique
• Maternal endocrine abnormalities (rare)
• Hypoplastic breast tissue
• Metabolic or digestive disorders in infants, so they
cannot digest milk
• Lack of maternal nutrition
• REFLEX DROP IN MILK

The release of the hormone oxytocin stimulates milk drop

(milk ejection / let-down reflex). Oxytocin stimulates the
muscles around the breast to squeeze out milk. Mothers
describe the sensation of milk dropping differently, some
feel tingling in the breasts and some feel a little pain, but
some don't feel anything. The reflex of milk loss is not
always consistent, especially in the early days. But this
reflex can also be stimulated by just thinking about the
baby, or hearing the baby's voice, causing leakage. It also
often happens, breast that does not breastfeed the baby to
express milk when the baby sucks the other breast. Over
time, usually after two weeks, the reflex drop in milk
becomes more stable.
• Poor milk reflexes are the result of blisters, separation from
the baby, breast surgery before delivery, or damage to breast
tissue. If the mother has difficulty breastfeeding due to this
lack of reflexes, it can be helped by breast massage,
warming the breasts by taking a warm bath, or breastfeeding
in a calm situation.