Energi dalam Reaksi Kimia

Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

• Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at
different temperatures
• Almost all chemical reactions absorb or produce (release) energy,
generally in the form of heat
• “heat absorbed” or “heat released”
• Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects
• the study of heat change in chemical reactions is called
Thermochemistry
 System and Surounding

• system, or the specific part of the universe that is of interest to us

1. open system can exchange mass and energy, usually in the
form of heat with its surroundings
2. closed system, which allows the transfer of energy (heat) but
not mass
3. isolated system, which does not allow the transfer of either
mass or energy
 Energy Flow to and from a System

Reaktan Produk

E internal = Energi potensial + Energi kinetik E internal = Energi potensial + Energi kinetik

Keadaan awal Keadaan akhir

Atau
Energy Flow to and from a System
 Energy Exchange/Energy transfer

• Energy is exchanged between the system and surroundings

through either heat exchange or work being done.

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 Energy Exchange/Energy transfer
• Heat is the energy transferred between a system and its surroundings
as a result of a difference in their temperatures only  thermal
energy  q
• work is the energy transferred when an object is moved by a force 
w
 Energy Transfer as Heat Only

• Heat flowing out from a system, q < 0

• Heat flowing into a system, q > 0
Endothermic Process
A chemical reaction or process in which heat is absorbed by the system
(q is positive). The reaction vessel will feel cool.

Exothermic Process
A chemical reaction or process in which heat is evolved by the system
(q is negative). The reaction vessel will feel warm.

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reserved.
In an endothermic reaction:
The reaction vessel cools.
Heat is absorbed.
Energy is added to the system.
q is positive.

In an exothermic reaction:
The reaction vessel warms.
Heat is evolved.
Energy is subtracted from the system.
q is negative.

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reserved.
 Energy Transfer as Work Only

1. Work done by a system, w = -

2. Work done on a system, w = +

W = - P∆V

Tanda - = sistem melakukan kerja

P = tekanan
∆V = Vfinal – V initial
Hk. Kekekalan Energi  Hk Termodinamika I
• Energy can be converted from one form to another as these transfers
take place, but it cannot simply appear or disappear-it cannot be
created or destroyed
• the total energy of the universe is constant
Satuan energi

• Joule (J)
1 joule = 1 kg.m2/s2
• cal (kalori)
1 cal = 4,184 J
• Cal = kcal = kilo kalori
• BTU = british thermal unit
1 BTU = 1055 J
Fungsi keadaan (State Function)
∆E does not depend on how the change takes place

Bensin
Entalpi : heat of reaction
• The enthalpy of a system is defined as the internal energy plus the product
of the pressure and volume

• The change in enthalpy (∆H) is the change in internal energy plus the
product of the constant pressure and the change in volume

• The change in enthalpy equals the heat gained or lost at constant pressure
Nilai Entalpi (∆H < 0 atau ∆H > 0)
Pengukuran entalpi
• Calorimetry
• Constant- Pressure Calorimetry
• Constant-Volume Calorimetry
Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
Specific heat capacity (c)
• specific heat capacity (c), the quantity of heat required to change the
temperature of I gram of a substance by 1 K
 Constant-Volume Calorimetry
• measure very precisely the heat
released in a combustion
reaction
• Energy: kapasitas untuk melakukan kerja
• Kinetic energy—energi yang dihasilkan dari benda yang bergerak
• Radiant energy, atau energi matahari
• Thermal energy adalah energi yang dikaitkan dengan
• Chemical energy is stored within the structural units of chemical substances
• Potential energy is energy available by virtue of an object’s position
• Law of conservation of energy: the total quantity of energy in the
universe is assumed constant.