Historical context

of the emergence
of each discipline
Activity: REVIEW…REVIEW…REVIEW

1. It is the systematic study of

various aspects of human
society.
A. Humanities
B. Social Science
C. Natural Science
2. Academic disciplines that study
human culture , using methods that
are primarily analytical, critical or
speculative.
A. Humanities
B. Social Science
C. Natural Science
3. Deals with the description,
prediction and understanding of
natural phenomena, basically based
on observation and empirical
evidence.
A. Humanities
B. Social Science
C. Natural Science
Give at least two (2) branches for
each of the following disciplines:
4-5. Social Science
6-7. Natural Science
8-9. Humanities
Performance Standard:

• Connect the disciplines with their

historical and social foundations.
Learning Competency:

• Trace the historical foundations and

social contexts that led to the
development of each discipline.
(HUMSS_DIS 11-IIId-4)
 Activity:
GUESS WHO???
A. Herodotus
B. Aristotle
C. Plato

Aristotle
(384- 322 B.C)
Political Scientist
A. Auguste Comte
B. Edward Burnett
Taylor
C. Wilhelm Wundt

Edward Burnett Taylor

(1832-1917)
Sociocultural Evolution
A. Herodotus
B. Aristotle
C. Plato

Herodotus
(484 B.C – 425 B.C)
Father of History
A. Auguste Comte
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud

Auguste Comte
(1798- 1857)
Philosopher
A. Carl Jung
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt
(1832-1920)
German Psychologist
A. Aristotle
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Eratosthenes

Erathosthenes
(276 B.C – 194 B.C)
Greek Geographer
 A. Carl Rogers
B. Adam Smith
C. Carl Jung

Adam Smith
(1723 - 1790)
Founding Father of Economics
 A. Sigmund Freud
B. Carl Jung
C. Vigotsky

Sigmund Freud
(1856 - 1939)
Founder of Psychoanalysis
Father of Modern Psychology
A. Eratosthenes
B. Adam Smith
C. Ferdinand de
Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure
(1857- 1913)
Swiss Linguist
 Simulation Activity
- Students proceed to their groupings
- Based on your research, you will be
presented/discussed the historical
foundation and information of the
pioneer/father of each discipline in class
in a creative manner.
- Time: 15 minutes to work on your
assigned social science disciplines.
• Group 1 – Anthropology and History (News
Reporting)
• Group 2- Economics and Geography
(Vlogging)
• Group 3- Linguistics and Political Science
(Talk Show)
• Group 4- Psychology (Talk Show)
• Group 5- Sociology and Demography (News
Reporting or Vlogging)
Rubric/ Criteria

• Understanding of Topic/ Relevance – 20%

• Presentation – 20%
• Cooperation – 10%
• Over-All – 50%
 ANTHROPOLOGY:
EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR (1832 – 1917)

• English Cultural Anthropologist

• First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford
University in the UK in 1896
• Coined the term “culture”
• Wrote “Researched into the Early History of Mankind
and the Development of Civilization
 ANTHROPOLOGY:
EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR (1832 – 1917)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– Traces its roots from natural history which is the study of plants,
animals and humans with reference to their history and native
environment.
– The discovery and contact to new civilizations by European
explorers and colonizers led to curiosity and questions of who
these people are, who their ancestors were, how they are
related to other people in other places, what makes them
distinct, what similarities they share with the rest, how they
conduct their way of life, and what culture they have in terms of
knowledge they possess, their beliefs, technology that have, etc.
– It was in 19th century that the discipline began its formative
years as a social science.
 HISTORY
Herodotus (484 B.C – 425 B.C)

• Greek Historian
• Treated historical subjects as a method of
investigation
• Collected historical materials systematically
and critically and arranged them into a
historical narrative.
• Wrote “Histories” which is the record of
ancient traditions and culture of Greece,
Asia and Africa
 HISTORY
Herodotus (484 B.C – 425 B.C)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods, History was
often studied through a sacred or religious perspective
– In the 20th century, academic historians focused less on epic
nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the
nation or great men, to more objective and complex analyses
of social and intellectual forces
– Recently, the field of digital history has begun to address
ways of using computer technology to pose new questions to
historical data and generate digital scholarships.
 ECONOMICS
Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)

• Founder of Classical School

• Constructed an explanation on how social behavior is
regulated
• Saw a world where each person sought their own
self- interest but was constrained by morality,
markets and government
• Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776
 ECONOMICS
Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)
• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– It was not considered a separate discipline until the
nineteenth century
– Greeks examined wealth accumulation and inquiries on
whether property should be in the hands of private or public
institutions
– In medieval times (Middle Ages – 5th to 15th century),
scholars argued that it was a moral obligations of business to
sell goods at a just price
– Changes in economic thought have always accompanied
changes in the economy, just as changes in economic thought
can propel change in economic policy.
 GEOGRAPHY
Eratosthenes (276 B.C – 194 B. C)

• Greek Geographer
• Became chief librarian at the library of Alexandria
• Accepted the concept that the earth is round and
calculated its circumference to within 0.5 percent
accuracy
• Described the known areas of the world
and divided the earth into five climatic regions
- Prepared the earliest maps of the known
world.
Two freezing zone around the pole, two temperate
zone and a equatorial zone.
 GEOGRAPHY
Eratosthenes (276 B.C – 194 B. C)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– People engaged in the study of geography because it satisfies
their natural curiosity about foreign places and different ways
of life.
– The Ancient greeks made the first contribution to the subject
through measuring the earth using grids of meridians
 LINGUISTIC
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857- 1913)

• Swiss Linguist
• Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and
therefore that all languages function in a
similar fashion
• Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitif
des voyelles dans les langues indo-
europeenes”.
 LINGUISTIC
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857- 1913)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– It was the old Babylon who first created linguistics texts
called Sumerian
– Hindus also created text called Vedas
– The formal study of language began in India
– It started with the formulation of 3, 959 rules of Sanskrit
morphology
– Early interest in language in the West was a part of
Philosophy, not a grammatical description
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C)

• Political Scientist
• Laid down the foundation of governance
and leadership
• He said “man by nature is a political
animal”
• He wrote “The Politics”
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– It was once part of the many related fields of study like
history, philosophy, law and economics
– The theoretical and practical study of the state and the
politics began way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks,
about 500-300 B.C
– The chieftain who headed a village was chosen from the
ranks of leaders with the power to make laws, judge and
execute laws
– The chiefdom become a state
 PSYCHOLOGY
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920)

• German Psychologist
• Opened the Institute for Experimental
Psychology at the University of Leipzig in
Germany in 1879
• Trained Psychology students to make
observations that were biased by personal
interpretation or previous experience and used
the results to develop a theory of conscious
thought
• Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology”.
 PSYCHOLOGY
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– It has its roots in Ancient Greek Philosophy such as
epistemology, metaphysics, religion and oriental philosophy
– Its seed were sown from natural sciences such as biology and
physiology
– Over the centuries, psychology and physiology became
increasingly separated resulting to the two conceptions of
psychology that is phenomenological (experiential) and
mechanistic (physiological)
 SOCIOLOGY
Auguste Comte (1798- 1857)

• French Sociologist
• Coined the term “sociology”
• Advocated the application of scientific
method to social life and positivism
• Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive”
published from 1830 – 1842 in 5 volumes.
 SOCIOLOGY
Auguste Comte (1798- 1857)

• HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
– The intellectual, scientific and industrial revolutions which
happened in Europe in the middle of the 19th century led to
the development of Sociology
– The intellectual revolution opened new perspective in society
which offered the people new principles, ideals and beliefs
changing their outlook in life and the way they perceive
themselves, their environment and relations with fellow
men.
– The revolutions in Europe brought rapid and radical changes
which resulted to social problems, issues and social unrest
prompting some individual to direct their attention and
investigation of social phenomena
Announcement:

• Quiz next meeting

• Coverage
– Introduction to Social Science
– Social Science, Natural Science and Humanities
– Historical Background, Pioneers/Fathers of Social
Sciences Disciplines
• 1st Presenters (Anthropology, Geography, Economics)
– Start your presentation with a simple activity or
game related to your assigned discipline.