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Assistant Prof \
Fadhl M. Alakwaa
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áhis course provides the foundational skills for
advanced statistical analysis of biological signals. áhe
basic analytical concepts of probability theory,
statistical design of experiments and data analysis and
representation of biological variables as random
processes are demonstrated and practiced through
computer based analysis of biologically relevant data
sets provided throughout the course. All computational
homework assignments are carried out using
MAá AB.
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Upon completion of the course, students should be able to
 Solve simple probability problems with electrical and computer
engineering applications using the basic axioms of probability.
 Describe the fundamental properties of probability density
functions with applications to single and multivariate random
variables.
 Describe the functional characteristics of probability density
functions frequently encountered in life science research such as
the Binomial, Uniform, Gaussian and Poisson.
 Determine the first through fourth moments of any probability
density function using the moment generating function.
 Calculate confidence intervals and levels of statistical
significance using fundamental measures of expectation and
variance for a given numerical data set.
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Upon completion of the course, students should be able to
 Discern between random variables and random processes for
given mathematical functions and numerical data sets.
 Determine the power spectral density of a random process for
given mathematical functions and biological data sets.
 Determine whether a random process is ergodic or nonergodic
and demonstrate an ability to quantify the level of correlation
between sets of random processes for given mathematical
functions and biological data sets.
 Model complex families of signals by means of random
processes.
 Determine the random process model for the output of a linear
system when the system and input random process models are
known.
s   
. Intuitive Probability and Random Processes using MAá AB
by Steven Kay (2006), Springer. ISBN: 0-387-24 7-4.

2. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers by

Montgomery, Runger 4th Edition

3. Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

by Jay . Devore 6th Edition ©2004 ISBN: 0 34399339
Essential Book
Recommended Book
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Matlab
Excel
Minitab
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Choose one topics from the below and do a power point
presentation:
Bayes theorem
Probability mass function PMF
Binomial distribution
Hypergometric distribution
Poisson distribution
Normal distribution
Joint probability distribution
Marginal probability distribution
Conditional probability distribution
Covariance and correlation
Box plots
áime sequence plots
Histograms
Central limit thermo
Point estimation of parameters
Maximum likelihood
Confidence interval
t distribution
Hypothesis testing
P-value
áype I and type II error
Statistical inference
F distribution
east square estimate
inear regression
Design engineering experiment
ANOVA
Cumulative distribution functions
Means and variance of discrete variable
Means and variance of continuous variable
 Important comments from the
previous course
 Not Excuses
 Not degree explanation (fair assessment)
 In time policy (one day late=one degree
loss)
 Join a group (mandatory)
 Update your attendance and results daily.
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An engineer is someone who solves problems of

interest to society by the efficient application of
scientific principles by
 Refining existing products
 Designing new products or processes
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*( + áhe engineering method

- Develop a clear and concise description of the problem
2- Identify, the important factors that affect this problem
3- Propose a model for the problem using scientific or
engineering knowledge of the phenomenon being studied. State
any limitations or assumptions of the model
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4- Conduct appropriate experiments and collect data to test or
validate the model.
- Refine the model on the basis of the observed data.
6- Manipulate the model to assist in developing solution to the
problem.
7- Conduct an appropriate experiment to confirm that the
proposed solution to the problem is both effective and efficient.
8- Draw conclusions or make recommendation based on the
problem solution.
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áhe field of statistics deals with the collection,

presentation, analysis, and use of data to
 Make decisions
 Solve problems
 Design products and processes
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 Statistical techniques are useful for describing and

understanding variability.
 By variability, we mean successive observations of a
system or phenomenon do =
produce exactly the same
result.
 Statistics gives us a framework for describing this
variability and for learning about potential sources of
variability.
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Engineering Example

An engineer is designing a nylon connector to be used in an

automotive engine application. áhe engineer is considering
establishing the design specification on wall thickness at 3/32
inch but is somewhat uncertain about the effect of this decision
on the connector pull-off force. If the pull-off force is too low, the
connector may fail when it is installed in an engine. Eight
prototype units are produced and their pull-off forces measured
(in pounds): 2.6, 2.9, 3.4, 2.3, 3.6, 3. , 2.6, 3..
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Engineering Example

áhe 
( - is a very useful plot for displaying a small

body of data - say up to about 20 observations.
 áhis plot allows us to see easily two features of the data; the
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Engineering Example

 áhe engineer considers an alternate design and eight prototypes

are built and pull-off force measured.
 áhe dot diagram can be used to compare two sets of data
average
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 How do you know that another sample of prototypes will not
give different results?
If we use the test results obtained so far to conclude that
increasing the wall thickness increases the strength, what risks
are associated with this decision?
For example, is it possible that the apparent increase in
pull-off force observed in the thicker prototypes is only
due to the inherent variability in the system and that
increasing the thickness of the part (cost) really has no
effect on the pull-off force?
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Engineering Example

 Since pull-off force varies or exhibits variability, it is a

random variable.
 A random variable, X, can be model by
X=+
where  is a constant and a random disturbance.
Due to environment, test equipment, different in
individual parts themselves.
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Connectors that
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prototypes

Sampling error, sample size

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áhree basic methods for collecting data:

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about the problem.
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 áhere may be recording errors resulting in outliers
(unusual values)
 Other important factors may not have been collected

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the data over time. Phenomena that might affect the system
or process often become more visible in a time-oriented plot
and the concept of stability can be better judged.

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 help quantify the

risks involved in statistical inference, that
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 Probability provides the -3
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the study and application of statistics.