A STUDY ON
LED (light emitting diode) • Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the
CLASSSIFICATION OF LED
LED which is becoming widespread owns various kinds of
product. LED products can be classified into different types
according to light emitting colors, outer surface trait and
structure of the diodes, luminous intensity, operating current,
chip material, function and etc. This passage is going to
introduce four types of LED products classification.
1. According to light emitting colours of the diode :
LEDs are available in red, orange, green (subdivide into
yellow-green, standard green and pure green) and blue
and so on. Some light emitting diodes have chips that bear
two or three colours. Besides, the package (the plastic
body) of LED may have light scattering agent or not, be
coloured or colourless, thus, LED can also be classified into
the following four types: coloured transparent, colourless
transparent, coloured scattering and colourless scattering
2. According to the outer surface :
LED can be classified into round LED, square LED,
rectangular LED, surface LED, side LED, surface mount sub
miniature LED and so on….
3. According to the structure :
LED can be classified into full epoxy resin packaging, metal
base, ceramic base epoxy resin packaging and glass
packaging
4. According to the luminous intensity and operating
current.
According to luminous intensity, there are standard
brightness LED (with luminous intensity less than 10mcd),
high brightness LED (with luminous intensity between
10mcd and 100mcd) and ultrahigh brightness LED (with
luminous intensity larger than 100mcd).LED can also be
divided into two types according to its operating current:
standard type which runs at an operating current from
more than ten mA to tens mA; low current LED which runs
at an operating current below 2mA (however, with the
same brightness as standard LED).
APPLICATION OF LED’S IN ARCHITECTURE
“SPACE ,LIGHT AND ORDER . THOSE ARE THINGS THAT
MEN NEED JUST AS MUCH AS THEY NEED BREAD OR A
PLACE TO SLEEP”
-LE CORBUSIER
• Light work with some elements like colors, can make
space more dynamic and beautiful hence can be a
important element in architectural design
• Vision is most important sence trough which we
experience architecture and light is a medium which revels
space, form, texture and colors to eyes
PRODUCT DESIGN
LIGHT:
electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is the
visible spectrum that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense
of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of
400–700 nanometers (nm)
• The main source of light is the SUN. Without which life and energy on earth
would not be possible
• Historically another important source of light for humans has been fire, from
ancient campfires to modern kerosene lamps.
HISTORY OF INVENTION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
invention changed the way we design buildings, increased the length of the average
workday and jumpstarted new businesses
• Long before Thomas Edison patented -- first in 1879 and
then a year later in 1880 -- and began commercializing his
incandescent light bulb
• William Sawyer and Albon Man, who received a U.S.
patent for the incandescent lamp, and Joseph Swan, who
patented his light bulb in England
• Edison’s English lighting company merged with Joseph
Swan’s company to form Ediswan in England
• Edison’s team had produced a light bulb with a carbonized
filament of uncoated cotton thread that could last for 14.5
hours. They continued to experiment with the filament
until settling on one made from bamboo that gave
Edison’s lamps a lifetime of up to 1,200 hours
• While Edison was working on the whole lighting system,
other inventors were continuing to make small advances,
improving the filament manufacturing process and the
efficiency of the bulb. The next big change in the
incandescent bulb came with the invention of the tungsten
filament by European inventors in 1904.
• These new tungsten filament bulbs lasted longer and had a
brighter light compared to the carbon filament bulbs. In
1913, Irving Langmuir figured out that placing an inert gas
like nitrogen inside the bulb doubled its efficiency
• In the 19th century, two Germans - glassblower Heinrich
Geissler and physician Julius Plücker discovered that they
could produce light by removing almost all of the air from
a long glass tube and passing an electrical current through
it, an invention that became known as the Geissler tube.
• later in 1976, Edward Hammer at General Electricfigured
out how to bend the fluorescent tube into a spiral shape,
creating the first compact fluorescent light (CFL). Like
Sylvania, General Electric shelved this design because the
new machinery needed to mass-produce these lights was
too expensive.
• One of the fastest developing lighting technologies today is
the light-emitting diode (or LED). A type of solid-state
lighting, LEDs use a semiconductor to convert electricity
into light, are often small in area (less than 1 square
millimeter) and emit light in a specific direction, reducing
the need for reflectors and diffusers that can trap light.
• Lighting companies continued to make improvements to
both the quality of light and the energy efficiency of LEDs
while cutting their costs. Since 2008, the cost of LED bulbs
has fallen more than 85 percent