GLASS CERAMIC

SUBMITTED BY :
ALISHA
ROLL.NO 1618001
SUBMITTED TO:
A.r RAJAT VERMA
INTRODUCTION:

 Glass is a hard material that can be made in many shapes. It is usually transparent, but it
can also be made in colors. Glass is mainly made of silica; glass is made of silica
only is called silica glass.

 When we think of glass materials, we tend to think of windows in buildings, houses

and transportation. While this is true, many different kinds of glasses exist, with
varying compositions.
What is a ceramic made of?
Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay,
earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them
into desired forms. Once the ceramic has been shaped, it is
fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln. Often,
ceramics are covered in decorative, waterproof, paint-like
substances known as glazes.

What is a ceramic material?

"Ceramic materials" are inorganic, non-metallic
materials made from compounds of a metal and a
non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or
partly crystalline. They are formed by the action of
heat and subsequent cooling.
Properties of Glass Ceramic Materials
Glass ceramic materials are typically characterised by:

•High strength

•High impact resistance

•Low co-efficient of thermal expansion, sometimes even negative co-efficient of

thermal expansion

•Good resistance to thermal shock

•A range of optical properties, from translucent to opaque and sometime

opalescence.
 What is an example of a ceramic?

 Ceramics are more than pottery and dishes: clay, bricks, tiles, glass, and cement
are probably the best-known examples. Ceramic materials are used in
electronics because, depending on their composition, they may be
semiconducting, superconducting, ferroelectric, or an insulator.
 Types of glass:
 Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled
thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal
glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into
tension.

 Its safety and strength, toughened glass is used in a variety of demanding

applications, including passenger vehicle windows, shower doors, architectural
glass doors and tables, refrigerator trays, mobile screen protectors, as a
component of bulletproof glass, for diving masks, and various types of plates
and cookware.
Other typical applications of toughened glass include:
 Balcony doors
 Athletic facilities
 Swimming pools
 Facades
 Shower doors and bathroom areas
 Exhibition areas and displays
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

 Take a piece of annealed glass-glass that was allowed to cool slowly during the
manufacturing process. Reheat the annealed glass in a furnace and cool quickly
using forced air drafts.
 A little known fact for the glass novice is that holes cannot be drilled into
tempered glass.

 Way to identify tempered glass is to view the glass through a pair of polarized
sunglasses. In many cases, viewing the glass in sunlight, through polarized
lenses, will reveal dark lines or spots. These are prime indicators that the glass is
tempered. The lines are formed by the machine rollers during the cooling
process.
 Non- toughened glass is normal glass which doesn’t under go any temperature
difference.
 Glass that has not been properly annealed retains thermal stresses caused by
quenching, which indefinitely decrease the strength and reliability of the product.
Inadequately annealed glass is likely to crack or shatter when subjected to relatively
small temperature changes or to mechanical shock or stress.

Glass is used in the following non-exhaustive list of products:

 Packaging ( jars for food, bottles for drinks, flacon for cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals)
 Tableware (drinking glasses, plate, cups, bowls)
 Housing and buildings (windows, facades, conservatory, insulation,
reinforcement structures
DIFFERENCE BTWEEN TOUGHENED AND
NON – TOUGHENED GLASS
What is a fire proof glass?
 Tempered glass is tumbled and polished to prevent sharp edges and injury. The
glass is designed for gas fire pits and gas fireplaces to tolerate high temperatures
without melting, burning or discoloring when used as recommended. Fire Glass
is used to replace gas logs.
COLORED GLASS:
 Stained glass window makers often use a metal, such as lead, to make an outline
of their picture, which they then fill in with small pieces of colored glass. Today,
recipes for colored glass call for the addition of powdered metal oxides, sulfides,
or other compounds to the molten glass mixture.
 Widely Known Glass Colors. Perhaps the best example of this is "cobalt blue"
that is produced by adding cobalt oxide to the glass melt. "Vaseline glass" is a
fluorescent yellow-green glass that contains small amounts of uranium oxide.
"Ruby gold" and "cranberry glass" are red glasses produced by the addition of
gold
GLASS BRICK:
 Glass brick, also known as glass block, is an architectural element made from
glass.
 Glass bricks are produced for both wall and floor applications.
 Glass blocks for use in floors (pavement prisms) are normally manufactured as
a single solid piece, or as a hollow glass block with thicker side walls than the
standard wall blocks.
 These blocks are normally cast into a reinforced concrete gridwork or set into a
metal frame, allowing multiple units to be combined to span over openings in
basements and roofs.
 Hollow glass wall blocks are manufactured as two separate halves and, whilst
the glass is still molten, the two pieces are pressed together and annealed. The
resulting glass blocks will have a partial vacuum at the hollow centre.
Specialist glass blocks are produced
for various applications including:
• Bullet and vandal resistance

• Fire resistance

• Gas insulated

• Colored