AUTOMATION 1 – BASIC

CONTROL ENGINEERING
Presented by:
Rivamonte, Jose Roman A.
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students shall
have been able to:
• Describe the Hydraulic Power Unit
• Explain the function of each Hydraulic
Power Unit components
• Explain the different filtration method:
suction-line filtration, pressure line filtration,
return line filtration
What is a Hydraulic Power Unit?
• Hydraulic power units is a self-contained
system that generally includes a motor, a
fluid reservoir, and a pump.
• It works to apply the hydraulic pressure
needed to drive motors, cylinders, and
other complementary parts of a given
hydraulic system.
• These units can generate a tremendous
amount of power to drive most any kind of
hydraulic ram.
• A hydraulic system employs enclosed fluid
to transfer energy from one source to
another, and subsequently create rotary
motion, linear motion, or force.
• The power unit/pack provide the power
needed for this transfer of fluid.
Hydraulic Power Units are used in a wide
range of Applications
• Machine Tools
• Automation
• Marine Equipment
• Construction Equipmen
• Meat Processing Machinery
• Etc.
DC Hydraulic Power Unit
1-DC motor cover
2-DC motor
3-Shaft joint
4-Relief Valve
5-Flow control valve
6-Central Manifold
7-Hydraulic Gear Pump
8-Return oil pipe
9-Suction pipe
10-Hydraulic oil tank
11-Air breather
12-suction filter
13-two position two way
normally closed solenoid valve
14-Check Valve
15-Mounting Bracket
16-Remote control pendant
What components do hydraulic power
units components include?
• Power section (electric motor, hydraulic pump)
• Control section (pressure valves, directional control
valves, flow control valves)
• Auxiliary section (couplings, manifold block, suction pipe,
return pipe, tank, air breather, etc.).
 Power Section
Motor
Hydraulic Power Unit Power Source
• The motor hydraulic power unit’s main role
is to convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
• Hydraulic power units are commonly
classified according to the power supply of
the motor, and can be divided into DC
motors and AC motors.
 Hydraulic Pump
Heart of the Hydraulic Power Unit
• Hydraulic pump means a hydraulic power
unit capable of converting mechanical
energy into hydraulic pressure.
• Driven by the motor, providing flow and
pressure of the hydraulic actuator action
desired.
• There are several types of hydraulic
pumps: gear pumps, vane pumps, and
piston pumps.
• Gear pump advantages are: simple structure, easy
fabrication, low cost, small size, light weight, self-priming
performance, not sensitive to pollution of the oil, reliable,
and high speed range.
 Control Section
Pressure Control Valves

• On the hydraulic power units with pressure

relief valve, sequence valve, relief valve, are
pressure relay-based. Almost each hydraulic
power unit comes complete with a relief valve.
• Pressure relief valves on the hydraulic power
unit have primarily a security role, they limit
the maximum pressure to avoid other
hydraulic components, and pipe damage.
 Directional Control Valve
• Hydraulic power units have varied different
types of directional control valve, check
valves, P-O-check valves, shuttle valves,
solenoid valves, hydraulic control valves,
electric proportional valve, and so on.
• According to the role of one-way valve in
the hydraulic power unit, its performance
was mainly: oil pressure loss circulation of
small forward, reverse seal better
performance, quick action, low noise.
• Directional valve use of different relative
positions in hydraulic power pack.
• Hydraulic power unit requirements: the oil
through a less pressure loss, less amounts
of the oil leakage gap between the mouth
commutation reliable, sensitive, reversing
smoothly without impact.
 Flow Control Valve
• Flow control valve referred to the flow
valve, is by changing the orifice flow area to
achieve flow control.
• It is a control valve components to control
the speed of movement of the element.
 Auxiliary Section
Hydraulic auxiliary components of the
hydraulic power unit have a “supporting
role”, but it is also an important part of the
hydraulic power unit.
• Tank (Hydraulic Reservoir)- the hydraulic
medium required for storage of the
hydraulic system, as a heat sink, the role of
the liquid medium in air separation and
precipitation of impurities.
• Filter – filtration of impurities mixed in with
the oil, foreign particles in a controlled
hydraulic power unit normal operating
range, the protection of hydraulic
components.
• Central manifold – Installation Connecting
the motor and gear pump, simplifying the
piping, integrated control valve of the
hydraulic power unit compact and
convenient.
• Coupling - is a device used to connect two
shafts together at their ends for the
purpose of transmitting power.
• Air breather filters - allow for the flow of
clean air to and from a closed chamber
where balanced atmospheric pressure is
required, such as in gear boxes, bearings
operating at high speed and hydraulic
power packs.
Suction Line Filtration
• Strainer is a common name for filters with
openings of 75 microns or larger. Suction
strainers usually are installed in the pump
inlet line to protect the pump from large,
damaging contamination particles that can
cause catastrophic failure.
• The suction strainer traps large
contamination particles introduced to the
system from external sources or resulting
from internal part failure.
Pressure Line Filtration
• Servo directional control valves normally
require pressure-line filters because these
valves have low contamination tolerance
• Pressure-line filters normally have
elements with 1- to 5-micron openings. The
pressure filter should be of the absolute-
rated type, or have a beta ratio of 50 or
higher.
• Pressure-line filter housings must be strong
enough to withstand full system pressure.
Return Line Filtration
• The return-line filter keeps most
contamination caused by part wear from
getting into the tank.
• These filters are offered with ratings
ranging from 3 to 25 microns.
• A common level of filtration is 10 microns.
Obviously, if the desired system cleanliness
is 10 microns, use a filter of 10 microns or
less.
Reference
• https://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/other-
technologies/book-2-chapter-9-filtration
• https://sealtechydraulics.co.za/components-of-
hydraulic-power-packs/
• https://www.target-hydraulics.com/hydraulic-
power-pack-components/
• https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/electrical-
power-generation/hydraulic-power-units/
• http://www.dhict.com/amc/faq-what-is-a-
power-unit.php