ABAP Training: Odin Lee 6/2005

ABAP Training
Odin Lee
6/2005
Business Consulting Services
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2005

Agenda
- ABAP Program Flow ( 30 Mins )
- ABAP Dictionary – Data type ( 90 Mins )
- ABAP Program ( 300 Mins )

 ABAP Editor ( 30 Mins )
 Selection Screen ( 90 Mins )
 Query Database ( 90 Mins )
 ABAP List ( 90 Mins )
Page 2
IBM / Wistron ERP Project © Copyright IBM Corporation 2005
ABAP Program Flow


Page 3
Client / Server Architecture
Page 4
Report Program Flow – 1.Program Start
Program
Repository
Start
Database
Table
Page 5
2.System Load Program Context
Program
ABAP Program Repository
Start
Selection Screen
Data Objects
Database
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 6
3.Runtime System Sends Selection screen
Program ABAP Program

Start
Data Objects
Database
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 7
4.Selection Screen Entries Insert into Data Object

Start
Data objects
Database
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 8
5.Program Requests Data Record from Database

Start
Data objects
Database
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 9
6.Database Returns Data Record to Program
Program
ABAP Program
Start
Start
Data objects
Data objects
Database
Database
Table
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 10
7.Runtime System Sends List

Start
Data objects
Database
Table
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 11
ABAP Dictionary – Data Type


Page 12
Data Types
Page 13
Basic Types
Data Type Initial Valid Initial value Meaning

field length field length
Numeric types
I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number)
F 8 8 0 Floating point number
P 8 1 - 16 0 Packed number
Character types
C 1 1 - 65535 ' … ' Text field (alphanumeric characters)
D 8 8 '00000000' Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)
N 1 1 - 65535 '0 … 0' Numeric text field (numeric characters)
T 6 6 '000000' Time field (format: HHMMSS)
Hexadecimal type
X 1 1 - 65535 X'0 … 0' Hexadecimal field
Page 14
Packed Number
Declear length
+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 _
Output length no decimals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 +
_
Output length with decimals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 . +
_
Page 15
Global and Local Data Types

Types can be defined locally in a program or centrally in the Dictionary
Local Types in program:

ABAP
Technical Attributes Only
Dictionary
ABAP
Program
ABAP Global Types in ABAP Dictionary:

Source
Technical and Semantic Attribute
Code
Interface
Subroutine
Page 16
ABAP Dictionary
Page 17
Function of ABAP Dictionary
DB objects
Type definitions
Structure Table, View
DB table
Data elements Table type
Services
Poss. values
Screen
F4
Help
F1
Page 18
Database Object in the ABAP Dictionary
View
Objects are automatically
Table 2 created in the DB and

Table 1
adjusted to changes
ABAP Dictionary
Database
View
Table 1 Table 2
Page 19
Type Definition in the ABAP Dictionary
Address Book
Name Address Telephone
First name Last name Town Address Phone No.
ZIP Town name Street House no.
There are three different type categories in the ABAP Dictionary:

Data elements: Describe an elementary type by defining the data type, length and possibly
decimal places.
Structures: Consist of components that can have any type.
Table types: Describe the structure of an internal table.
Page 20
Internal table type
Page 21
Internal table type – line type
輸入 table name 或是
structure name
Page 22
Internal table type – table type
輸入想使用的 table
access 方式
Page 23
Internal table type - key
Page 24
Services of the ABAP Dictionary
Maintenance of flights
Carrier LH
Flight number F4
...
F1
Code of the flight connection
Code defining a flight connection
between two cities, e.g. 0400
Frankfurt - New York.
Page 25
Linking to the Development and Runtime Environment

Development
environment
Screen
Reads structure of
Painter
database objects
ABAP
Editor
ABAP
Read type Dictionary
definitions
Database
Runtime environment
interface
Screen
Interpreter
ABAP
Interpreter
Page 26
Global Data Type-Using Data Element
Data Element: Technical Type

Field Label
Field Label Field Documentation
(for F1 Help)
Input Field
Search Help
(for F4 Help)
F1
Page 27
Finding ABAP Dictionary Types
DATA wa_carrid TYPE S_CARR_ID.
F1
Data element Structure Type
S_CARR_ID SBC405_S_SFLIGHT
k
Fields Field type
lic
Do
ub
-C
l e-
le
Cli
ub
ck
Do
CARRID S_CARR_ID
CONNID
...
Page 28
Local Data Types in Program

Help for Local
Data Type Declaration
F1
TYPES
Types: <user_defined_type> TYPE <type>.
Do
ub
l e-
Help for Local Cl
ic
k
Data Object Declaration
Navigates to Local
F1 Data Type Declaration
or ABAP Dictionary
DATA <data_object> TYPE
DATA: <type>. Double-Click Type
Declaration
F1
Keyword Documentation
for Built-In Types
Page 29
ABAP Editor

Page 30
ABAP Editor
Page 31
Create a Report Program
Page 32
Comment and Chained Statement
REPORT yrep_create_01 .
DATA wa_flight TYPE sflight. " work area for SFLIGHT Comment
* read data from DB table SFLIGHT Comment
SELECT * FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight.
NEW-LINE.
WRITE : Chained Statement
wa_flight-carrid,
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsocc,
wa_flight-seatsmax.
ENDSELECT.
Page 33
Navigation in the Editor and Keyword Documention
REPORT yrep_create_01 .
DATA wa_flight LIKE sflight. Definition of Structure

Dou In the Program
ble
Clic
SELECT * FROM sflight k
INTO CORRESPONDINGDoFIELDS OF wa_flight.
NEW-LINE. ub
le
WRITE: Cli
ck
wa_flight-carrid,
F1
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsocc,
wa_flight-seatsmax.
ENDSELECT.
Definition of Database Table

Keyword Documentation in the ABAP Dictionary
Page 34
Defining Data Object
<user-defined-type>. ABAP Program
DATA: <varname> TYPE
<ABAP-dictionary-type>.
ABAP Dictionary
DATA: <varname> LIKE <data-object>.
Reference Data Object

Page 35
Declaring Data Objects
ABAP Program
carrid
counter
Data Element
Tmp_carrid S_carr_id
DATA: Carrid TYPE s_carr_id,

carr
counter TYPE I,
Tmp_carrid LIKE carrid. ABAP Basic Type
Data Object
Page 36
Literals and Constants
CONSTANTS <constants> TYPE <type> VALUE <literal>.
CONSTANTS: C_PI TYPE P DECIMALS 4 VALUE '3.1415',

C_NAME(4) TYPE C VALUE 'Hugo'.
Numeric literal
1234, -987
Whole number (a minus sign is
placed in front of negative numbers)
Text literal
'abdc', '2.17', '1.213E15', ‘HELLO', 'A''B'

Character sequence set off by single
quotation marks, 255 characters max.
Page 37
Concatenate Statement
CONCATENATE f1 ... fn INTO g.
DATA: ONE(10) VALUE ' John ',

TWO(3) VALUE 'F.',
THREE(10) VALUE ' Kennedy', John
F .
NAME(20).
FIRST TYPE STRING.
Kennedy
CONCATENATE ONE TWO THREE
INTO NAME.
JohnF . Kennedy
NAME then contains the value
' JohnF. Kennedy'.
Page 38
Chang Variable Value – Copy and Initialization

Data Declarations:
CONSTANTS c_id TYPE s_carr_id VALUE 'AA‘ .
DATA: d_id1 TYPE s_carr_id ,
d_id2 TYPE s_carr_id VALUE 'LH ',
counter TYPE i .
d_id1 d_id2 counter
Program Start c_id AA LH 0000
MOVE c_id TO d_id1 AA LH 0000
d_id2 = d_id1. AA AA 0000
ADD 1 TO counter. AA AA 0001
CLEAR
CLEAR: gd _carrid1,
gd _carrid2,
counter. 0000
ABAP Program
ABAP Runtime System
Page 39
Debugger – Field Data Flow
Page 40
Debugger - Watchpoint
Watchpoint
Page 41
Defining Structure with Dictionary Type Reference

Structure Definition
wa _ spfli
Sdyn_conn
_
ABAP Program
ABAP Source Code
DATA: w_spfli TYPE spfli.

TABLES: sdyn_conn.
Page 42
Addressing Fields in Structures

_
WA_SPFLI ABAP
Program
mandt carrid CONNID CITYFROM
ABAP Source Code
DATA: w_spfli TYPE spfli.
TABLES: sdyn_conn.
sdyn_conn-carrid = 'AA'.
SELECT * FROM spfli

INTO w_spfli
WHERE carrid = sdyn_conn-carrid. Fields in structures are
always addressed by
WRITE: / w_spfli-connid,
w_spfli-cityfrom, <structure>-<field_name>
w_spfli-cityto.
ENDSELECT.
Page 43
Moving Values Fields for Field

MOVE-CORRESPONDING <rec1> TO <rec2>.
DATA: wa _ sflight TYPE sflight ,

wa _sbc400focc TYPE sbc400focc.
...
MOVE-CORRESPONDING
MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa
wa _
_ sflight
sflight TO
TO wa
wa _sbc400focc.
_sbc400focc.
MANDT CARRID CONNID FLDATE ... SEATSMAX SEATSOCC ...

401 LH 0400 20000513 ... 280 100 ... wa _sflight
CARRID CONNID FLDATE SEATSMAX SEATSOCC PERCENTAGE
LH 0400 20000513 280 100
Page 44
Debugger - Structure
Double-Click
Page 45
Internal Table
CARRID CONNID DISTANCE Line Type
Key Fields Key
AA 0017 2,572 Sequence
LH 0400 6,162 Unique / Non-Unique Key
LH 0400 6,162
Table Kind
QF 0005 10,000
Access with Index
SQ 0866 1,625 5
Data Access Type
UA 0007 2,572 UA 0007
Access with Key
You do not have to determine the number of lines in your table;

the ABAP runtime system automatically determines this
at runtime (dynamic table expansion).
Page 46
Table Types
ANY TABLE
INDEX TABLE HASHED TABLE
STANDARD TABLE SORTED TABLE
Access with n n
Index
Access with
Key
Unique / NON- UNIQUE UNIQUE | NON-UNIQUE UNIQUE

Non-Unique Key
Access Using Mainly Index Mainly Keys Keys Only
Page 47
Defining Internal Table Reference to Dictionary Type
ABAP
IT_flight Program
DATA it_flight TYPE SBC405_T_SFLIGHT
Page 48
Debugger – Internal Table
Page 49
Processing Single Record
Append APPEND
APPEND wa_itab to itab.
Insert INSERT wa_itab INTO itab <condition>.
Read READ TABLEitab INTO wa_itab <condition>.
Change MODIFY TABLEitab <condition>.
Delete DELETE itab <condition>.

DELETE
Page 50
Example: Filling Internal Table Line by Line
* declaration of internal table and workarea

DATA: it_flight TYPE sbc405_t_sflight.
DATA: wa_flight TYPE sbc405_s_sflight.
It_flight
Wa_flight
** Filling structure wa_flight with values

SELECT * FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight.
** Append wa_flight to internal table it_flight

APPEND wa_flight TO it_flight.
ENDSELECT.
Page 51
Example: Reading Using the Index
READ TABLE it_flight INTO wa_flight

INDEX 5.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid,
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsmax.
ENDIF.
Page 52
Example: Reading Using Keys
READ TABLE it_flight INTO wa_flight

WITH KEY carrid = 'LH'
connid = '0401'
fldate = '20030404'.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsmax.
ENDIF.
Page 53
Processing Sets of Records

Loop: LOOP AT itab INTO wa _ itab .
For All Operations
ENDLOOP.
ENDLOOP.
Delete DELETE itab <condition>.
Insert
Multiple Lines
from an INSERT itab2 <condition2>
Internal Table FROM itab1 <condition1>.
Append
Multiple Lines
from an APPEND
INSERT itab2 <condition2>
Internal Table FROM itab1 <condition1>.
Page 54
Other Process Options
Sort SORT
SORT itab <conditions>
Setting Internal
Table Contents CLEAR
CLEAR itab .
to Initial
Page 55
Example: Reading Using a Loop
LOOP AT it_flight INTO wa_flight.
wa_flight-connid,
wa_flight-fldate,
wa_flight-seatsmax.
ENDLOOP.
Page 56
Internal Table with Header Line
DATA < itab > TYPE < itabtype > [[WITH

WITH HEADER
HEADER LINE .
LINE]
Work Area <wa> Header Line <itab>
Internal Table <itab> Internal Table <itab>

CARRID CONNID Report : YBC_REP_005
CARRID CONNID
AA 0017 AA 0017
LH 0400 LH 0400
APPEND <WA> TO <itab>. APPEND <itab>.

MODIFY <ITAB> INDEX <n> FROM <WA>. MODIFY <ITAB> INDEX <n>.
LOOP AT <ITAB> INTO <WA>. LOOP AT <ITAB>.

WRITE <WA>-<field>. WRITE <ITAB>-<field>.
ENDLOOP. ENDLOOP.
READ TABLE <ITAB> INDEX <n> INTO <WA>. READ TABLE <ITAB> INDEX <n>.
Page 57
Query Database

Page 58
Querying the Database
ABAP Program
Data Objects pa_car
wa_scarr
wa _
ABAP
Processing
Block
Database
SELECT ... Open SQL Specific Database SQL
Conversion
scarr
Database
Interface
ABAP Runtime System
Page 59
Reading database tables
SELECT <result>
Which columns?
FROM <table> Which table(s)?
INTO <destination> Where?
WHERE <condition> Which lines?
Single Line
} Multiple Lines
}
Particular
Column
Page 60
Processing Single Records
ABAP Program
Data Objects pa_carrid

Database
wa_scarr
wa _ Table
ABAP Processing Block SCARR
DATA: p_carrid LIKE scarr-carrid.
DATA: wa_scarr LIKE scarr.
******
SELECT SINGLE
SINGLE * INTO wa_scarr
FROM scarr
WHERE carrid = p_carrid.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
WRITE: / wa_scarr-carrid, wa_scarr-carrname.
ELSE. scarr
MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. Database
ENDIF. Interface
ABAP Runtime System
Page 61
ABAP statement return code
Page 62
Message
MESSAGE XNNN WITH f1 ... f4
Table  T100
Page 63
Runtime Behavior of Messages
 A Termination Processing is terminated, the user must

restart the transaction
 X Exit Like a termination message, but with
short dump MESSAGE_TYPE_X
 E Error Runtime behavior depends on context
 W Warning Runtime behavior depends on context
 I Information Processing is interrupted, the message is
displayed in a dialog box and the program
is continued when the message has been
confirmed with ENTER.
 S Status The message appears in the status bar
on the next screen.
Page 64
Evaluating Filed Contents
CASE <data object1>.
WHEN <data object2>.

Statements
WHEN <data object4> OR <data object5>.

Statements
WHEN OTHERS.
Statements
IF <logical expression>.
ENDCASE.
Statements
ELSEIF <logical expression>.

Statements
ELSEIF <logical expression>.

Statements
ELSE.
Statements
ENDIF.
Page 65
Select loops
Data Objects ABAP Program

pa_carrid Database
wa _sflight Table
SFLIGHT
ABAP Processing Block

DATA: wa_sflight LIKE sflight.
******
SELECT
SELECT * INTO wa_sflight
FROM sflight
WRITE: / wa_sflight-carrid,
wa_sflight-connid,
wa_sflight-fldate.
ENDSELECT
ENDSELECT .
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'.
Database
ENDIF.
Interface
ABAP Runtime System
Page 66
INTO Clauses
ABAP Program
DATA: wa_sbc405_sflight LIKE sbc405_s_sflight.

******
SELECT mandt carrid connid fldate price currency seatsmax seatsocc
INTO wa_sbc405_sflight
FROM sflight
WRITE: / wa_sbc405_sflight-connid, wa_sbc405_sflight-fldate.
ENDSELECT.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. Same Type as
ENDIF. Column Read
Page 67
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS

ABAP Program
DATA: wa_sdyn_conn LIKE sdyn_conn.

******
SELECT carrid connid seatsmax
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_sdyn_conn
FROM sflight
WRITE: / wa_sdyn_conn-connid, wa_sdyn_conn-seatsmax.
ENDSELECT.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'. Same Name as
ENDIF. Column Read
mandt carrid connid ... seatsmax
mandt carrid connid ... seatsmax
Page 68
Array Fetch
Data Objects ABAP Program

pa_carid
Database
Table
_
it_flight SFLIGHT
ABAP Processing Block

DATA: it_sflight LIKE sflight OCCURS 0.
******
SELECT * INTO TABLE
TABLE it_sflight
FROM sflight
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE i006(bc405) WITH 'Data not found!'.
ENDIF. Database
Interface
ABAP Runtime System
Page 69
Reading Multiple Database Tables
Database
Database View
View in
in the
the ABAP
ABAP Dictionary
Dictionary
INNER
INNER JOIN,
JOIN, OUTER
OUTER JOIN
JOIN
FOR
FOR ALL
ALL ENTRIES
ENTRIES
Nested
Nested SELECT
SELECT Statements
Statements
Page 70
Reading Multiple Database Tables - View
Database
Database View
View in
in the
the ABAP
ABAP Dictionary
Dictionary
REPORT ZSAPBC405_GDAD_DB_VIEW Dictionary : Database view DV_FLIGHTS

...
Table Join conditions
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom cityto

fldate seatsmax seatsocc
INTO TABLE itab_flights

View fields
FROM dv_flights
WHERE cityfrom IN so_cityf

AND cityto IN so_cityt
AND seatsocc < dv_flights~seatsmax
ORDER BY carrid connid fldate.
...
Page 71
Reading Multiple Database Tables – Inner Join
INNER
INNER JOIN
JOIN
REPORT SAPBC405_GDAD_INNER_JOIN_2TAB
INNER JOIN
...
SELECT SPFLI~CARRID SPFLI~CONNID A B C A B D

SPFLI~CITYFROM SPFLI~CITYTO
SFLIGHT~FLDATE SFLIGHT~SEATSMAX a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 d1
SFLIGHT~SEATSOCC a2 b2 c2 a3 b2 d2
INTO TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS
FROM SPFLI INNER JOIN SFLIGHT a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 d3
ON SPFLI~CARRID = SFLIGHT~CARRID
AND SPFLI~CONNID = SFLIGHT~CONNID
WHERE SPFLI~CARRID IN SO_CARR A B C D
AND SPFLI~CONNID IN SO_CONN.
a1 b1 c1 d1
a3 b3 c3 d3
...
Page 72
Reading Multiple Database Tables – Outer Join
OUTER
OUTER JOIN
JOIN
REPORT SAPBC405_GDAD_OUTER_JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN

...
A B C A D E
SELECT SCARR~CARRID SCARR~CARRNAME a1 b1 c1 a1 d1 e1

SPFLI~CONNID SPFLI~CITYFROM SPFLI~CITYTO
INTO TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS a2 b2 c2 a3 d2 e2
FROM SCARR LEFT OUTER JOIN SPFLI a3 b3 c3 a3 d3 e3

ON SCARR~CARRID = SPFLI~CARRID
ORDER BY SCARR~CARRID SPFLI~CONNID.
A B C D E
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1
a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3 d2 e2
...
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3
Page 73
Alias Name
SELECT A~CARRID AS A1 A~CARRNAME AS B1 FIELD

ALIAS
B~CONNID B~CITYFROM B~CITYTO
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE ITAB_FLIGHTS
FROM SCARR AS A
LEFT OUTER JOIN SPFLI AS B Table ALIAS
ON A~CARRID = B~CARRID
WHERE A~CARRID EQ P_CARRID
ORDER BY A~CARRID B~CONNID.
Page 74
Reading Multiple Database Tables – FOR ALL ENTRIES
FOR
FOR ALL
ALL ENTRIES
ENTRIES
REPORT SAPBC405_GDAD_FOR_ALL_ENTRIES
... . itab_spfli
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom airpfrom cityto airpto deptime
LH 0400 ...
arrtime
INTO TABLE itab_spfli LH 0402 ...
FROM spfli
WHERE cityfrom IN so_cityf
AND cityto IN so_cityt.
Executed according to:
* Check, if at least one dataset is found

DESCRIBE TABLE itab_spfli LINES itab_lines.
IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. where ( carrid = 'LH'
and connid = '0400')
* Delete Duplicates
SORT itab_spfli. or ( carrid = 'LH'
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM itab_spfli. and connid = '0402')
or (. ..
SELECT carrid connid fldate seatsmax seatsocc
INTO TABLE itab_sflight
FROM sflight
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab_spfli
WHERE carrid = itab_spfli-carrid
.... . connid = itab_spfli-connid.
AND
Page 75
Selection Screen

Page 76
Selection Screen
Page 77
The Selection Screen Function
Type checks
Multilingual Capacity
Value
Entry
...
Variants
Search Help
Page 78
Entering Selections
SELECT-OPTIONS ...
PARAMETERS ...
Multiple single values,

Intervals,
Single value exclusion,
Interval exclusion
Page 79
Selection text
Program
Source Code Text elements

Title/Headers
REPORT bc400td_selection_screen.
: Text symbols
SELECT-OPTIONS so_ carr FOR ...
PARAMETERS pa_city TYPE ... Selection Texts
SO_CARR EN Airline carrier

DE
PA_CITY EN Departing from

Airline Carrier LH DE
to ...
Departing from
Page 80
Search Help
DATA: WA_SPFLI TYPE LINE_TYPE_SPFLI.
SELECT-OPTIONS: SO_CARID FOR WA_SPFLI-CARRID
DEFAULT 'AA' TO 'LH',
SO_CONID FOR WA_SPFLI-CONNID.
Table field
Structure Field
Search Help Search Help Check Tables
Data element
ABAP Dictionary
Page 81
Variants
Airline Carrier AA to LH ...
Departing from
Variant
CARRIER_AA_TO_LH:
Airlines AA to LH
Hide input field
Departing from
Page 82
Parameters
ABAP Program
p_carid
Locally Defined Types and Fields reference

ABAP Dictionary
PARAMETERS p_carid
TYPE s_carr_id.
Selection
s_carr_id
Screen
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 83
Data Transport
ABAP Program
pa_car
p_car
Locally Defined Types and Fields
PARAMETERS p_car
pa _ car
TYPE s_carr_id.
Selection
Screen
Selection
Screen
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 84
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS: <f>[TYPE <type>][DECIMALS <n>][LIKE <f1>][MEMORY ID < pid >]
[OBLIGATORY][DEFAULT < wert >]
[AS CHECKBOX]
[RADIOBUTTON GROUP < grp >]
REPORT SAPBC405_SSCD_CHECKBOX_RADIOB .
... .
PARAMETERS: PA_CARR LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID

DEFAULT 'AA',
PA_NAME AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X',
PA_CURR AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT 'X',
PA_LIM_1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM,
PA_LIM_3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM .
Page 85
Using Parameters in Select Statement
REPORT ...
DATA wa _spfli TYPE spfli.
PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE s_ carr _id.
...
SELECT
SELECT carrid connid cityfrom cityto ...
FROM spfli
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa _spfli
pa_car
WHERE carrid = pa_car.
WRITE: / wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid ,
wa _spfli- fldate , ... .
ENDSELECT
ENDSELECT.
Page 86
Select-Options
option
ABAP Program
Sign low high
so_ carr
gd _carrid

DATA gd _carrid TYPE s_carr_id .
Selection SELECT-OPTIONS so_
SELECT-OPTIONS carr
Screen
FOR gd_carrid.
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 87
Data Transport
ABAP Program
so_
so_ carr
carr
wa _scarr
gd _carrid

DATA gd _carrid TYPE s_ carr _id .
Selection so_ carr
SELECT-OPTIONS so_ carr
Screen
FOR gd _carrid.
Selection
Screen
ABAP
Processing
Block
ABAP Runtime System
Page 88
Selection Screen with select-options
sign option low high

Internal Table I EQ 003000497
S_VBELN
Page 89
Syntax of the SELECT-OPTIONS Statement
SELECT-OPTIONS < seltab > FOR <Data Object>
DEFAULT <value>
OPTION < xx > SIGN <x>

DEFAULT <value1> TO <value2>
MEMORY ID < pid >
LOWER CASE
OBLIGATORY
NO-EXTENSION
NO INTERVALS.
Page 90
Selection Options and Multiple Selections

Selection options
Multiple selections
Sign Option Low High

I EQ AA
I BT DL LH
Page 91
Using select-options in the SELECT Statement
REPORT ZTEST.
DATA: WA_SPFLI TYPE SPFLI.
SELECT-OPTIONS S_CARR FOR WA_SPLFLI-CARRID.
SELECT CARRID CONNID CITYFROM CITYTO

FROM SPFLI
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF WA_SPFLI
WHERE CARRID IN S_CARR.
WRITE: / WA_SPFLI-CARRID, WA_SPFLI-CONNID,
WA_SPFLI-CITYFROM, WA_SPFLI-CITYTO.
ENDSELECT.
Page 92
Designing the Selection Screen I
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK <block >
WITH FRAME TITLE <text>
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK <block> Price ...
REPORT sapbc405_sscd_sel_screen_i.
...
* Block with frame
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK CARR WITH FRAME.
SELECT-OPTIONS: SO_CARR FOR WA_SFLIGHT-CARRID.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK CARR.
* Block with frame and title

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK LIMIT WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001.
PARAMETERS: PA_LIM_1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM,
PA_LIM_3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP LIM.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK LIMIT.
...
Page 93
Designing the Selection Screen II
SELECTION-SCREEN:
REPORT SAPBC405_SSCD_SEL_SCREEN_II.
... BEGIN OF LINE
* Nested blocks with frame and title
* Radiobutton group COMMENT pos (len ) <text> [FOR FIELD <f>]
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK OUT_PUT
WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-S01. POSITION pos
* Radiobutton group with frame and frame text
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK SEATS END OF LINE
WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-S02.
PARAMETERS PA_OCC RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT.
PARAMETERS PA_FRE RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT.
PARAMETERS PA_ALL RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEAT.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK SEATS.
* Parameters displayed in one line
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 1(20) TEXT-S03. Output ...
SELECTION-SCREEN
COMMENT POS_LOW(8) TEXT-S04. Seats ...
PARAMETERS PA_COL AS CHECKBOX.
SELECTION-SCREEN
COMMENT POS_HIGH(8) TEXT-S05.
PARAMETERS PA_ICO AS CHECKBOX.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK OUT_PUT.
...
Page 94
Selection Screen Events
Program
Start
ABAP Program
INITIALIZATION.
AT SELECTON-SCREEN OUTPUT.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
No
Yes START-OF-SELECTION
ABAP Runtime System
Page 95
Initializing the Selection Screen
INITIALIZATION.
REPORT SAPBC405_SSCD_INITIALIZATION.
...
INITIALIZATION.
MOVE: MARK TO PA_ALL.
MOVE: 'I' TO SO_CARR-SIGN,

'BT' TO SO_CARR-OPTION,
'AA' TO SO_CARR-LOW,
'LH' TO SO_CARR-HIGH.
APPEND SO_CARR.
CLEAR SO_CARR.
MOVE: 'E' TO SO_CARR-SIGN,
'EQ' TO SO_CARR-OPTION,
'DL' TO SO_CARR-LOW.
APPEND SO_CARR.
...
Page 96
At selection-screen output
Page 97
Input Checks:AT SELECTION-SCREEN
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
ON <f> ON <seltab>
ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP <grp> ON BLOCK <block>
REPORT sapbc405_sscd_at_sel_screen.
...
* Check of selection criterion SO_DEPT

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON so_dept.
IF ( so_dept-low LT '060000' OR so_dept-high LT '060000' )

OR ( so_dept-low GE '220000' OR so_dept-high GE '220000' )
AND airp_fr EQ 'FRA'.
MESSAGE e002(bc405).
ENDIF.
...
Page 98
Error Dialogs in AT SELECTION-SCREEN
Program
Start
ABAP Program
INITIALIZATION.
MESSAGE e001.
No
Yes START-OF-SELECTION
ABAP Runtime System
Page 99
At Selection-Screen Syntax
PARAMETERS: pa_car TYPE s_ carr _id.
* First event processed after leaving the selection screen

AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'S_CARRID'
ID 'CARRID' FIELD pa_car
ID 'ACTVT' FIELD actvt _display.
IF sy - subrc <> 0.
* Show selection screen again and show message in status bar
MESSAGE
MESSAGE e045(bc400)
e045(bc400) WITH
WITH pa_car.
pa_car.
ENDIF.
Page 100
ABAP List

Page 101
List
Page 102
Purpose of List
Screen
CA ID PRICE
AA 2602 2400
AA 2602 2500
Total 7800
Print
Page 103
List Operations
Page 104
Basic list Process
Program
Start
ABAP Program
Data Objects
Database
Table
START-OF-SELECTION
List
buffer
ABAP Runtime System
Page 105
Generating a List
REPORT SAPBC405_FOLD_LIST_CREATION.
DATA: WA_SPFLI LIKE SPFLI.
SELECT CARRID CONNID CITYFROM CITYTO DEPTIME ARRTIME

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF WA_SPFLI FROM SPFLI.
WRITE: / WA_SPFLI-CARRID, WA_SPFLI-CONNID,

WA_SPFLI-CITYFROM, WA_SPFLI-CITYTO,
WA_SPFLI-DEPTIME, WA_SPFLI-ARRTIME.
ENDSELECT.
Page 106
WRITE Statement :General Syntax
WRITE [AT] [/< pos( len )>] <f> <option1> <option2> ...
REPORT sapbc405_fold_write ...

.... . . …
* constants for positions of outputs
CONSTANTS: pos TYPE i VALUE 72,
pos2 TYPE i VALUE 12,
len_fdt TYPE i VALUE 10, "sflight-fldate
len_max TYPE i VALUE 6, "sflight-seatsmax
len_pri TYPE i VALUE 11, "sflight-price
len_cur TYPE i VALUE 8. "sflight-currency
.... . . …
WRITE AT: / sy-vline,

pos2(len_fdt) wa_sflight-fldate COLOR COL_KEY,
(len_max) wa_sflight-seatsmax,
(len_max) wa_sflight-seatsocc,
(len_max) seatsfree COLOR COL_POSITIVE,
(len_pri) wa_sflight-price CURRENCY wa_sflight-currency,
(len_cur) wa_sflight-currency.
Page 107
Addition Option Parameters
Page 108
Setting the List Format
Page 109
Page Headers
Page 110
Multilingual Capability
Program
Source text Text elements
REPORT
REPORT ...
... Title/Headings
List header DE Flugverbindungen

WRITE:/
WRITE:/ SY-VLINE,
SY-VLINE, EN Flight Connections
'Flight'(001),
'Flight'(001), FR ...
'Starting
'Starting city'(002),
city'(002),
'Dest . city'(003),
'Dest . city'(003),
Text symbols
...
...
001 DE Flug
EN Flight
FR .....
:
002 DE Startort
Start the extended syntax check: Error if text elements are not maintained.
Reconciliation: Program text symbols possible.
Determine text lengths with character list for other languages.
Page 111
Event Overview
* Basic list
START-OF-SELECTION.
.
END-OF-SELECTION.
TOP-OF-PAGE.
END-OF-PAGE
* Detail lists
AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT USER-COMMAND.
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION .
Page 112
Defining Line and Field Formats
Page 113
Outputting Icons, Symbols, and Lines
Page 114
Additional Statements for Page Layout
NEW-LINE.
SKIP [TO LINE] <n>.
RESERVE <n> LINES.
BACK.
POSITION <n>.
SET BLANK LINES ON|OFF }.
Page 115
System Fields in List Creation
SY-LINCT
1
SY-SROWS
SY-LINSZ
SY-SCOLS
SY-COLNO
SY-LINNO
SY-PAGNO
3
2
1
Page 116
Detail List
Page 117
Events for Detail List
* Basic list
START-OF-SELECTION.
GET ... .
END-OF-SELECTION.
TOP-OF-PAGE.
* Detail lists
AT LINE-SELECTION.
AT USER-COMMAND.
Page 118
Example : A Simple Detail List
Page 119
System Variant : sy-lsind
Page 120
Create a detail List I
REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_interact_list_1.
...
AT
AT LINE-SELECTION.
LINE-SELECTION.
SET CURSOR LINE 2.

pos = 3 * sy-lsind. len = sy-linsz - pos - 21.
WRITE: 'Das ist eine Verzweigungliste'(001)
COLOR COL_TOTAL.
FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE.
WRITE: / 'Listenstufe: '(002) NO-GAP
COLOR COL_NORMAL,
User action sy-ucomm = PICK
sy-lsind COLOR COL_NORMAL,
AT (pos) space.
IF sy-lsind = 19.
pos = pos + 19.
WRITE AT pos(len) icon_message_error
AS ICON COLOR COL_NORMAL
RIGHT-JUSTIFIED.
ELSEIF sy-lsind = 20.
pos = pos + 19.
WRITE AT pos(len) icon_alarm AS ICON
COLOR COL_NORMAL RIGHT-JUSTIFIED.
ENDIF.
Page 121
Creating Detail Lists II
Basic list
sy-lsind: 0
REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_interact_lists_2.
PICK
AT
AT LINE-SELECTION.
LINE-SELECTION.
AT LINE-SELECTION.
* Creation of detail lists Detail list: 1
FORMAT COLOR COL_TOTAL.
sy-lsind: 1
CASE sy-lsind.
WHEN '1'.
* Detail list 1
WRITE: 'Verzweigungsliste: 1'(001), PICK
/'SY-LSIND: '(000), 19 sy-lsind .
WHEN '2'.
* Detail list 2
WRITE: 'Verzweigungsliste: 2'(002), Detail list: 2
/'SY-LSIND: '(000), 19 sy-lsind .
sy-lsind: 2
ENDCASE.
PICK
Page 122
The HIDE Area
HIDE <data object>.
Basic list buffer HIDE area
Line Line wa _spfli- wa _spfli-

carrid connid
... ... ... ...
5 LH 0400 FRA JFK 10:10:00 5 LH 0400
6 LH 0402 FRA JFK 13:30:00 6 LH 0402
... ... ... ... ...
11 SQ 0002 SIN SFO 09:30:00 11 SQ 0002
REPORT sapbc400udd_example_2.
...
START-OF-SELECTION.
SELECT * FROM spfli INTO wa _spfli.
WRITE:/ wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid ,
wa _spfli- airpfrom , wa _spfli- airpto ,
wa _spfli- deptime .
HIDE: wa _spfli-carrid, wa _spfli- connid .
ENDSELECT.
Page 123
Line Selection
HIDE area
Line wa _spfli-carrid wa _spfli- connid

Flight From To Departing at
LH 0400 FRA JFK 10:10:00 ... ... ...
LH 0402 FRA JFK 13:30:00 5 LH 0400
... 6 LH 0402
SQ 0002 SIN SFO 09:30:00 ... ... ...
11 SQ 0002
?? LH 0402 ?? ?? ?? wa _spfli
AT LINE-SELECTION.
WRITE: text-001, Text symbols:
wa _spfli-carrid,
001 Flights for connection
wa _spfli- connid .
Page 124
Line Selection:The Hide Technique
DEMO: Data Transport: Hide Technique DEMO: Data Transport: Hide Technique
-------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
AA NEW YORK SAN FRANCI LH 400
AZ ROME FRANKFURT 02/01/2000 1,332.00 DEM
AZ TOKYO ROME 03/28/2000 1,332.00 DEM
LH FRANKFURT NEW YORK 04/17/2000 1,332.00 DEM
1
2 SY-LILLI 4 5
6
Hide area of list level 0 REPORT SAPBC405_ILBD_HIDE .
Line 3 Field name Value Field name Value AT

AT LINE-SELECTION.
LINE-SELECTION.
3 spfli -carrid AA spfli -connid 0017 SELECT ...

4 spfli -carrid AZ spfli -connid 0555 WHERE carrid = spfli - carrid
5 spfli -carrid AZ spfli -connid 0789 LH
6 spfli -carrid LH spfli -connid 0400 AND connid = spfli - connid .
: : :
3
Page 125
Line Selection Syntax

...
Text symbols:
AT LINE-SELECTION.
001 Flights for connection
IF sy - lsind = 1.
WRITE: text-001,
wa _spfli-carrid,
wa _spfli- connid .
SELECT fldate seatsmax seatsocc

FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa _ sflight
WHERE carrid = wa _spfli-carrid
AND connid = wa _spfli- connid .
WRITE:/ wa _ sflight - fldate ,

wa _ sflight - seatsmax ,
wa _ sflight - seatsocc .
ENDSELECT.
ENDIF.
Page 126
Valid Line Selection
REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_valid_line_sel.
... DEMO: Data Transport: Hide Technique
--------------------------------------------------------
GET spfli FIELDS ... LH 400
WRITE ... 01.02.00 1.332,00 DEM
HIDE: spfli-carrid, spfli-connid. 28.03.00 1.332,00 DEM
17.04.00 1.332,00 DEM
END-OF-SELECTION.
CLEAR
CLEAR spfli-carrid.
spfli-carrid.
HIDE area
AT LINE-SELECTION.
CHECK
CHECK NOT
NOT spfli-carrid
spfli-carrid IS
IS INITIAL.
INITIAL.
...
CLEAR spfli-carrid.
CLEAR spfli-carrid.
Page 127
Data Buffering in a List System
HIDE area HIDE area HIDE area

Basic list Detail List Detail List
Basic list DL 1 DL 2
...
Display Display Display
List buffer List buffer List buffer

Basic list Detail List Detail List
Page 128
Page Headings for Detail Lists
REPORT sapbc405_ilbd_heading_i_lists
NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
TOP-OF-PAGE.
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION
LINE-SELECTION ..
FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING.

ULINE.
WRITE: sy-vline, 'Flight dates'(t05),
AT pos_nr sy-pagno,
AT line_size sy-vline.
ULINE.
Page 129
Field Selection
GET CURSOR FIELD <feld1> [VALUE <feld2>].
REPORT SAPBC405_ILBD_FIELD_SELECTION.
DATA: ... ,
field_name (30),
field_name(30), field_value
field_value(50).
...
AT LINE-SELECTION.
* Cursor information
GET CURSOR FIELD field_name VALUE field_value.
CASE field_name.
WHEN 'SPFLI-CARRID'.
SELECT carrname INTO wa_carrname FROM scarr
WHERE carrid = spfli-carrid.
WRITE: field_value, ':', wa_carrname.
ENDSELECT.
WINDOW STARTING AT 15 10 ENDING AT 50 15.
WHEN 'SPFLI-CONNID'.
FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING.
WRITE: spfli-carrid, field_value.
SELECT fldate INTO wa_fldate FROM sflight
WHERE carrid = spfli-carrid AND connid = spfli-connid.
FORMAT RESET.
WRITE: /4 wa_fldate.
ENDSELECT.
WINDOW STARTING AT 15 10 ENDING AT 50 15.
ENDCASE.
Page 130
System Fields for Interactive Lists

SY-LILLI
SY-LILLI
11 1 SY-PAGNO
SY-PAGNO
22
33
44
SY-LINNO
SY-LINNO
55 11 2 SY-CPAGE
SY-CPAGE
66 22 SY-CUROW
SY-CUROW
77 33
88 44
SY-CUCOL
SY-CUCOL
99 3
10
10
Basic list DL 1 DL 2
SY-LSIND
SY-LSIND == 00 SY-LSIND
SY-LSIND == 11 SY-LSIND
SY-LSIND == 22 ...
SY-LISTI
SY-LISTI == 00 SY-LISTI
SY-LISTI == 00 SY-LISTI
SY-LISTI == 11
Page 131
Question & Answers
Page 132

ABAP Training: Odin Lee 6/2005

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© Copyright IBM Corporation 2005

- ABAP Dictionary – Data type ( 90 Mins )

- ABAP Program ( 300 Mins )

ABAP Program Flow

- ABAP Dictionary – Data type ( 90 Mins )

- ABAP Program ( 300 Mins )

Client / Server Architecture

Report Program Flow – 1.Program Start

2.System Load Program Context

ABAP Runtime System

3.Runtime System Sends Selection screen

Program ABAP Program

ABAP Runtime System

4.Selection Screen Entries Insert into Data Object

Program ABAP Program

ABAP Runtime System

5.Program Requests Data Record from Database

Program ABAP Program

ABAP Runtime System

6.Database Returns Data Record to Program

ABAP Runtime System

7.Runtime System Sends List

Program ABAP Program

ABAP Runtime System

ABAP Dictionary – Data Type

- ABAP Dictionary – Data type ( 90 Mins )

- ABAP Program ( 300 Mins )

Data Type Initial Valid Initial value Meaning

I 4 4 0 Integer (whole number)

F 8 8 0 Floating point number

C 1 1 - 65535 ' … ' Text field (alphanumeric characters)

D 8 8 '00000000' Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)

N 1 1 - 65535 '0 … 0' Numeric text field (numeric characters)

T 6 6 '000000' Time field (format: HHMMSS)

X 1 1 - 65535 X'0 … 0' Hexadecimal field

Output length no decimals

Output length with decimals

Global and Local Data Types

Local Types in program:

ABAP Global Types in ABAP Dictionary:

Function of ABAP Dictionary

Structure Table, View

Data elements Table type

Database Object in the ABAP Dictionary

Objects are automatically

Table 2 created in the DB and

Type Definition in the ABAP Dictionary

First name Last name Town Address Phone No.

ZIP Town name Street House no.

There are three different type categories in the ABAP Dictionary:

Internal table type

Internal table type – line type

Internal table type – table type

Internal table type - key

Services of the ABAP Dictionary

Linking to the Development and Runtime Environment

Global Data Type-Using Data Element

Data Element: Technical Type

Finding ABAP Dictionary Types

DATA wa_carrid TYPE S_CARR_ID.