Animal Health Care

and Management NC III

CORE COMPETENCIES
Animal Health Care and
Management NC III

Is a short TESDA course in the

Philippines that will train you in
providing livestock health care in
both backyard and commercial
livestock farms under the
supervision of veterinarian.
RESTRAIN AND HANDLE
LIVESTOCK

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
Restrain and Handle Livestock

• This unit covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required to restrain and handle
livestock according to industry standards and
animal welfare. It includes selection of animals
and evaluation of animal conditions, and
selection and application of appropriate handling
and restraining technique.
Select Animal and Observe It’s Condition ELEMENT

1.1 The candidate livestock is identified and selected

according to instructions and specifications from supervisor
or veterinarian.

1.2 The stage of production of identified animal is

determined based on observation and records

1.3 The prevailing condition is observed and reported in

terms of animal grouping
Livestock

1. Cattle 1. Swine

1. Carabao
 Stage of Production
• Breeding animals/Dry - process of selective mating of
animals with desirable genetic traits, to maintain or
enhance these traits in future generations. For livestock,
this involves estimation of the genetic value of individuals
for traits including growth rate and yield of products such
as eggs, milk or meat.
• Gestating/Pregnant - time between conception and birth.
Though we're focusing on human gestation, this term
applies more broadly to all mammals. A fetus grows and
develops in the womb during gestation.
Stage of Production

• Lactating - secretion and yielding of milk by females after

giving birth. The milk is produced by the mammary glands,
which are contained within the breasts.
• Weanling/Weaner/Baby pig stage/Calf -
A young animal that has become adjusted to food other th
an milk from its mother or other sources and in animals, n
o longer dependent on mother for protection or nurturing.
• Growers/Finishers - Feeds
Animal Grouping

1. Individual penning
2. Communal penning
3. Rauge penning
Apply Appropriate Handling and
Element
Restraining Technique
1. Animal is handled following standard operating
procedures to minimize animal stress.
2. Restraining technique is selected based on the degree
of restraint needed.
3. Tools and equipment and supplies and materials are
prepared according to restraining technique to be applied.
4. The chosen technique is executed in accordance with
animal welfare act.
Restraining Technique

Chute Restraint Snooze Restraint

Restraining Technique

Tranquilizer Use of Driving Board

Restraining Technique

Electric Probe “Hood”

Restraining Technique

Cart/Truck/Push Cart
Tools and Equipment

• Driving Board
• Snoozer Syringes (10ml, 20ml)
Tools and Equipment

Rope Emasculator
Tools and Equipment

Castration table/Chute Sacks/Hoods

Supplies and Materials

• Medical Supplies – Ex. Blood

Stoppers & Collection Tubes,
Feeding Tubes & Syringes,
Gloves, Microscope Supplies &
Stethoscopes.
• Syringe (disposable)
• Needles (G12, G18, G16)
Animal Welfare Act

RA 8485
The Animal Welfare Act of the Philippines
APPLY BIO-SECURITY
MEASURES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
APPLY BIO-SECURITY
MEASURES
• This unit covers the knowledge, skills
and attitudes required to apply bio-
security measures in livestock farm
operations. It includes identifying
bio-security threats and hazards,
applying disease prevention
practices, applying prevention
practices in disease transmission and
maintaining records.
Identify Bio-security Threats and
Hazards (Element)

1. Immediate threats to the health of. the animal

are identified and reported based on observation

2. Bio-security threats are identified based on

established organizational policy
Immediate Threats

1. Natural calamities - extreme, sudden events caused

by environmental factors that injure people and damage
property. Earthquakes, windstorms, floods, and disease
all strike anywhere on earth, often without warning.
2. Physical threat – Ex. African swine fever (ASF) is an
infectious disease of swine that causes a great impact at
different levels.
3. Unforeseen events (prevailing diseases, outbreaks)
Bio-security Threats
Animals other than stocks being taken cared of :
Diseases
1. Bacterial - single-cell organisms that are neither plants
nor animals.
2. Viral diseases - Examples include, rabies, yellow fever and
pappataci fever. The viruses that infect other vertebrates
are related to those of humans and most families
of viruses that cause human diseases are represented. They
are important pathogens of livestock and cause diseases such
as foot-and-mouth disease and bluetongue.
Bio-security Threats

3. Parasitic diseases - Parasitic diseases of cattle impair

health, reproduction, growth, and productivity. In severe
cases, parasitic diseases may even cause death. These
diseases are caused by internal helminths (roundworms,
tapeworms and flukes) as well as external arthropods
(mites, lice, ticks, and flies).
4. Parasitism
Bio-security Threats

• Finished products/By-products of animal production

• Traffic flow of potential carriers
1. People
2. Stocks
3. Equipment
4. Vehicles
• Birds, pests and rodents
 Apply Disease Prevention Practices Element

1. Preparation of supplies and materials and application

of disinfectants are done according to standard operating
procedures
2. Vehicle vats and foot vats are prepared and monitored
regularly according to standard operating practice
3. Hygiene and sanitation of farm, farm personnel and
visitors are followed based on standard operating
practice
Apply Disease Prevention Practices

2.4 All types of vehicles and equipment entering the

farm are disinfected according to standard operating
procedures
2.5 New stocks to be introduced into the herd are
quarantined and vaccinated according to standard
operating procedures
2.6 Vaccination programs and health programs are
implemented as designed by veterinarian
 Supplies and Materials
1. Syringes - basic tool used for collecting fluids or injecting
fluids in a surgical procedure or exam
2. Needles - Needles come in various lengths and diameters
for different types of injections. Needles are made of
hollow stainless steel and consist of:
A Hub, which fits onto the tip of the syringe.
A Shaft, which is the long length of the needle.
The Bevel, which is the slanted tip of the needle
3. Drugs and other medical supplies
 Disinfectants

Chemical disinfectants
1. Phenols - A type of antimicrobial agent used as a
disinfectant, called a phenol, uses a similar process to
kill off bacteria on inanimate objects through the
inactivation of their enzyme systems.

2. Iodophor - complexes of elemental iodine with a carrier,

such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which forms povidone-
iodine (PVP-I2; Betadine surgical scrub).
Disinfectants

3. Aldehydes - such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde,

have a wide microbiocidal activity and are sporicidal and
fungicidal. They are partly inactivated by organic matter
and have slight residual activity.

4. Organic salts - The liquid organic salts are a novel class

of ionic liquids with good solvent properties for organic
compounds.
Disinfectants

5. Quaternary products - Quaternary Disinfectant

Cleaner is an effective one-step virucide disinfectant
cleaner that, when used as directed, is effective
against a broad spectrum of bacteria, is virucidal,
fungicidal, and inhibits the growth of mold and
mildew.
Disinfectants

6. Combined disinfectants - done to overcome the

disadvantages of the individual disinfectant:
Ex. Chloramines / Chlorine Dioxide - Overcomes
the nitrifying bacteria, maintains a strong residual
throughout the distribution system as the final
primary disinfectant. Levels are 0.5 ppm chlorine
dioxide dose to the chloramines dose.
Disinfectants

Physical disinfectants
1. Torch
2. Disposable suits
3. Boots
4. Paints
5. Rust remover
Lime for animal disposal
Stocks

• Replacement breeder - Replacement Heifer

Selection : A costly, but extremely important, feature
of the cow-calf herd is the selection and development
of replacement heifers

• Outsourced piglets/heifers
• Outsourced fatteners/bulls/cows
Vaccination programs

• Market pig program

• Breeder stocks program
Health Programs

Medication Program

• Antibiotics and antibacterial substances.

• Minerals, for example iron, vitamins and electrolytes.
• Sedatives and analgesics (painkillers).
• Parasecticides to treat mange, lice and worms.
Health Programs

• Vaccines and sera (and miscellaneous medicines).

• Hormones
• Growth promoters and probiotics.
• Colostrum supplements.
Health Programs

Deworming Program
• Pigs from 50 lbs to market size raised in "new" dirt lots
(lots not previously occupied by swine)
Deworm 15 to 30 days after being placed in the lot.
Recommended dewormers: Atgard1, Safe-Guard2,
Tramisol3, or Ivomec4.
Deticking
Apply Preventive Disease Transmission Element
Practices
• Preventive measures on notifiable diseases as declared by
BAI are followed based on industry and BAI standard
• Medication and vaccination programs are followed strictly
as recommended by manufacturers and veterinarian
• Hygiene and sanitation of farm, farm personnel and
visitors are followed based on standard operating
practice
Apply Preventive Disease Transmission
Practices
• Sick and unfit stocks are culled or isolated in
accordance to animal welfare act or standard
operating procedure
• Dead stocks and by-products are disposed using
proper disposal method
• Communication with supervising veterinarian are
done regularly or as the need arise based on
observation
Sick and Unfit Stocks
1. Listlessness
2. Increase body temperature
3. Loss appetite
4. Solitary separation from the group
5. Mucosal discharge on the eyes and snout
6. Swollen body parts
7. Appearance of vesicles
Disposal Method

1. Bury animals - Animal mortality losses are a normal part of livestock

and poultry production facilities. Producers may have losses due to
disease, accidents, inter-animal competition or natural disasters such as
flooding or blizzard. They need to think about mortality management
before a death occurs to avoid having problems after the fact. The
producer is responsible for disposing of these mortalities within 48 hours in
an environmentally acceptable manner. Carcass abandonment is not
considered an acceptable disposal practice. Safe disposal of carcasses is an
important issue for day-to-day, routine management of livestock and
poultry mortalities to prevent disease transmission and to protect air and
water quality. Therefore, carcass disposal remains one of the major
problems facing livestock and poultry producers.
 Bury Animals
• Rendering - process of converting animal carcasses to pathogen-free,
useful byproducts such a feed protein.
• Incineration - thermal destruction of carcasses by auxiliary fuel such
as propane, diesel or natural gas.
• Burial - common method of carcass disposal to manage mortalities,
but it poses a groundwater contamination risk if the burial site is not
selected and managed properly. Therefore, selection and maintenance
of a burial site is very important.
• Composting - naturally occurring process in which the dead animal is
broken down into basic elements (organic matter) by microorganisms,
bacteria and fungi.
Disposal Method

2. Use mortality pit - Proper mortality disposal

prevents the spread of infectious, contagious and
communicable diseases and protects air, water and
soil quality.
Maintain Records Element

• Appropriate records are kept, collated and

updated regularly in accordance with
organizational policy
• Reporting to veterinarian or supervisor are
carried out properly based on records
Appropriate Records

1. Livestock population
2. Vaccination
3. Medication
4. Standard routine procedure
ADMINISTER DRUGS
AND BIOLOGICS

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
 ADMINISTER DRUGS
AND BIOLOGICS
• This unit covers the knowledge, skills
and attitudes required to administer
drugs and biologics in livestock farms. It
includes preparation of supplies,
materials, tools and equipment,
preparation of animal, application of
drugs and biologics, and monitoring and
recording animal response to drugs and
biologics. It requires more supervision
from veterinarian.
 Prepare Appropriate Supplies, Element
Materials, Tools and Equipment
• Availability of necessary supplies and materials are checked
and prepared according to standard operating procedure
• Supplies and materials are transported to the pig house/pen
using approved transport tools and equipment
• Availability of appropriate tools and equipment are checked
and prepared according to standard operating procedure
• Tools and equipment are transported to the animal
house/pen using approved transport tools and equipment
 Supplies

1. Drugs • Electrolytes
• Nutritional • Growth promoters
supplements • Probiotics
- Vitamins and mineral • Vial of
- Colostrums supplements epinephrine/adrenaline
• Hormones
• Antibiotics
• Anthelmintics
Supplies

2. Biologics - product that is produced from living

organisms or contain components of living
organisms.
• Vaccines - biological preparation that provides
active acquired immunity to a particular
disease.
• Sera -
Materials
1. Needles (hypodermic or disposable)
2. Syringe (disposable)
3. Disinfectant (iodine)
4. Cotton balls
5. Writing implements (pen or chalk)
6. Animal marker
7. Refrigerant/ice
Tools and Equipment

• Pig (wire) restrainer

• Driving board
• Syringe (fiberglass, metal, automatic, self-
refilling)
• Cool box
• Allis tissue forceps
• Medication tray or cart
Prepare Animals Element

1. Animals are prepared according to standard

organizational procedures or based on animal
health status .
2. Animals are restrained/handled using
appropriate restraining technique in accordance
with the relevant provisions of the Animal Welfare
Act.
Animal Health Status

• For routine application of vaccines and

supplements
• For treatment of sick or recumbent animals
• For routine or emergency surgical procedures
Restraining Technique

1. Chute restraint
2. Snooze restraint
3. Tranquilizer
4. Use of driving board
5. Electric probe
6. “Hood”
7. Cart/truck/push cart
 Apply Drugs and Biologics Element

1. Drugs and biologics are checked based on the

manufacturer’s or veterinarian’s recommendations
2. Necessary precautions when administering drugs and
biologics are checked according to manufacturer’s or
veterinarian’s recommendations
3. The body weight of the animal is estimated (if the
quantity to drug to be administered is based on weight)
4. The route of administration is determined based on
manufacturer’s recommendation
Apply Drugs and Biologics

5. The drugs and biologics are administered to

animals according to standard operating
procedures 3.6 Used supplies and materials are
disposed as need following appropriate disposal
method.
6. Reusable supplies and materials are cleaned,
disinfected and stored following standard
operating procedures.
Precautions when Administering Drugs
and Biologics
1. Contraindication
2. Special instructions
3. Side-effects
4. Effects on the animal health technician (e.g. some drugs
like etiproston should not be administered to pigs by a
pregnant person; some drugs like amitraz need to be
administered to pigs with protective clothing (gloves, mask)
Veterinarian’s Recommendations

1. Generic name of drugs/biologics

2. Brand name of drugs/biologics
3. Dosage
4. Route of administration
Route of Administration

1. Intramuscular - injection of a substance

directly into muscle.
2. Subcutaneous - one into the fatty tissues just
beneath the skin. These injections are shallower
than those injected into muscle tissues. Providers
often use subcutaneous injections for medications
that must be absorbed into the bloodstream slowly
and steadily, such as insulin.
Route of Administration

3. Intranasal - drugs are insufflated through the nose.

4. Intradermal - shallow or superficial injection of a
substance into the dermis, which is located between the
epidermis and the hypodermis.
5. Intraperitoneal - injection of a substance into the
peritoneum (body cavity). It is more often applied to animals
than to humans.
Route of Administration

6. Oral - where a substance is taken through the

mouth.
7. Topical - the route by which the active agent is
administered on the skin and mucous membrane
for the local or systemic action.
Disposal Method

1. Incineration – process of control and complete

combustion, for burning solid wastes. Dispose of
medical waste.
2. Garbage pit
3. Bury
Monitor and Record Response to Drugs Element
and Biologics
• The name of drugs/biologics and dosage
administered to the pigs are recorded on the
animals’ respective record card
• Reactions/responses of the animal to the
medication are checked at least twice a day.
Observations are recorded
Reactions/Responses

1. Recovering
2. Adverse reaction
• Anaphylactic shock
• Allergies
• Mild clinical conditions (shivering, tremors,
lethargy)
• Pyrexia/Fever
Record Data Element

1. Biologics and drug inventories are updated.

2. Medication and vaccination programs are
monitored.
 HANDLE AND STORE
DRUGS AND BIOLOGICS

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
 HANDLE AND STORE DRUGS AND
BIOLOGICS
• This unit covers the knowledge, skills
and attitudes required to handle and
store drugs and biologics. It includes
preparation and transport of drugs and
biologics using appropriate container,
disposal of used bottles, storage of
unused drugs and biologics and keeping
of records.
Prepare and Transport Drugs and Element
Biologics

1. Drugs and biologics are checked for expiration

dates, and the contents for any signs of damage
2. Drugs and biologics are transported or carried
to and from the farm building using specified
container/equipment and materials.
Damage

1. Discoloration
2. Cracks in the bottle, distorted or missing label
3. Molds
Drugs and Biologics

• Antibiotics (parenteral, oral)

• Vitamins (parenteral, oral)
• Hormones
• Vaccines
• Probiotics
• Enzymes
Container/Equipment

• Tool box
• Styropor
• Covered box
Materials

• Refrigerant
• Ice packs
Dispose Used Bottles and Biologics Element

1. Used bottles are disposed of properly using

approved disposal methods or standard operating
procedures
2. Expired and damaged drugs and biologics are
reported and disposed following standard
operating procedures
Disposal Methods

1. Disposing thru accredited hauling institution

2. Burning
3. Recycling
 Store Unused Drugs and Biologics Element

1. Unused drugs and biologics are kept and stored in their

proper places based on standard operating practice
2. Unused drugs and biologics are kept and stored following the
specific storage temperature requirements as stated in the
label
3. Portions of unused drugs and biologics are labeled and sealed
based on standard operating procedures
4. Unused drugs and biologics are properly stored using first – in
– first – out (FIFO) system
Proper Places

1. Medicine cabinet
2. Refrigerators
3. Waste can for empty bottles
Storage Temperature Requirements

• Room temperature (antibiotics and other drugs)

• 2 0C – 8 0C (biologics)
Maintain Records and Provide Feedback Element

1. Records are kept and updated according to

organization standard
2. Reporting to supervisor or veterinarian is carried
out based on records
Records

1. Inventory and consumption records

2. Vaccination records (checklist)
3. Drug disposal records (checklist)
COLLECT AND HANDLE SPECIMEN

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
 COLLECT AND HANDLE SPECIMEN

• This unit covers the knowledge,

skills and attitudes required to
collect and handle specimen. It
includes preparation of supplies and
materials, selection and execution
of appropriate restraining
technique, collection and transport
of specimen under the supervision
of veterinarian.
Prepare Supplies, Materials, Tools and
Element
Equipment
1. Supplies and materials needed for specimen
collection and transport are prepared
2. Materials to be used are sterilized and cleaned
according to standard operating procedure
3. Tools and equipment needed to restrain
animals are prepared based on the restraining
technique to be used
 Supplies and Materials

• Container • Formalined solution

• Cap • Vial, Test tube or glass slide
• Refrigerant or ice • Resealable plastic bag
• Mineral Oil • Vacutainer
Tools and Equipment

• Syringe (5cc glass)

• Needle
• Refrigerator
• Scalpel with blade
Prepare Animal Element

1. The appropriate restraining technique is

selected based on the degree of restraint needed
2. The chosen technique is executed in accordance
to the conditions of the animal welfare act
Restraining Technique

1. Chute restraint
2. Snooze restraint
3. Tranquilizer
4. Use of driving board
5. Electric probe
6. “Hood”
7. Cart/truck/push cart
Collect and Transport Specimen Element

1. The specimen is collected under the supervision of

veterinarian 3.2 Appropriate specimen volume is
collected based on standard operating practice.

2. Collected specimen is placed in appropriate container

with cap or proper closure and properly labeled according
to specimen collected
Collect and Transport Specimen

3. Required temperature of collected sample is

maintained in accordance to standard operating
procedure.

4. Specimen is transported to the diagnostic

laboratory following standard operating practice
Specimen

• Blood
• Organ specimen
• Fecal sample
• Skin scrapings
• Feed for Analysis and Testing
Volume/Quantity

• Blood sample: minimum of 5cc

• Organ sample: 5 – 10 grams
• Fecal sample: 5 –10 grams
• Feed: 1 kilograms
• Tissue: minimal
Container

• Test tube
• Vial 5
• Plastic
• Styropor
• Covered box
Cap

• Cotton
• Cork
• Rubber stopper
Temperature

• Room temperature for blood and fecal sample

• 30C – 120C for organ specimen
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THANK YOU AND GODBLESS !

Merle, Redahlene B.
Naparato, John Christian L.
BTVTEd FSM 2
REFERENCES
https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/handling-and-restraint

https://www.ruralareavet.org/PDF/Animal_Handling.pdf

https://www.zoetisus.com/conditions/beef/parasitic-diseases-of-cattle.aspx

https://www.britannica.com/science/lactation

https://www.courses.com.ph/animal-health-care-and-management-nc-iii-tesda-course-philippines/

https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/environment-natural-resources/animal-carcass-disposal-
options-rendering-incineration-burial-composting

https://thepigsite.com/disease-and-welfare/managing-disease/types-of-medicine-and-their-application