Partial Derivatives

m.Bilal id: 9426

Sohail ahmad id: 9427
Bilal ahmad id: 9378
Definition of Partial derivatives

Let z = f(x,y) be function of two individual variables x

and y the derivative with respect to x keeping y
constant is called Partial derivative of z with respect to
x.
 It is denoted by ∂z/∂x, ∂f/∂x, fx……

Similarly the Partial Derivative of z w.r.t y keeping x as

a constant
 is denoted by ∂z/∂y, ∂f/∂y, fy……
Meaning of
Graph of Partial Derivatives

 When we find the slope in

the x direction (while
keeping y fixed) we have found a
partial derivative.
 Or we can find the slope in
the y direction (while
keeping x fixed).
Here is a function of one variable (x):
f(x) = x2
And its derivative (using the Power Rule):
f’(x) = 2x
But what about a function of two variables (x and y):
f(x,y) = x2 + y3
To find its partial derivative with respect to x we treat y as a
constant:
f’x = 2x + 0 = 2x
To find the partial derivative with respect to y, we treat x as a
constant:
f’y = 0 + 3y2 = 3y2
Example of Partial derivatives

The derivatives of the third, fifth, and sixth terms are all zero because they
do not contain the variable x, so they are treated as constant terms.
ANS
By using Product Rule
 Z=(4x+9)(8x+5y)
Solution

=(4x+9)(8)+(8x+5y)(4)

=32x+72+32x+20y

=64x+20y+72

=(4x+9) (8x+5y)+(8x+5y) (4x+9)

=(4x+9)(5)+(8x+5y)(0)

=20x+45+0

=20x+45
Ans
By using Quotient Rule

Solution

(x+y) (2x+y) - (2x+y) (x+y)

=

(x+y)(2) - (2x+y)(1)
=

(2x+2y) – (2x+y)
=

2x+2y-2x-y
=

y
=
Applications of partial derivatives in
daily life with at least 2 examples.

 We differentiate one of the variables while keeping the other

variable fixed. The equations involving partial derivatives are
known as partial differential equations or simply PDEs. The use
of Partial Derivatives in real world is very common.
Partial Derivatives are used in basic laws
of Physics

For example newton’s law of linear motion, Maxwell’s

equations of electromagnetism and Einstein’s equation in
General relativity.
Application of Partial Derivative in
Economics:

 In economics the demand of quantity and quantity supplied are

affected by several factors such as selling price, consumer
buying power and taxation which means there are multivariable
factors that affect the demand and supply. In economics
marginal analysis is used to find out or evaluate the change
in value of a function resulting from 1-unit increase in one of its
variables.
For example
Partial derivative is used in marginal Demand to
obtain condition for determining whether two goods are
substitute or complementary. Two goods are said to
be substitute goods fan increase in the demand for either
result in a decrease for the other. While two goods are
said to be complementary goods if a decrease of either
result in a decrease in the demand .Example
of complementary goods are mobile phones and phone
lines. If there is more demand for mobile phone, it will
lead to more demand for phone line too.
Thank you!