ANA MARIA G.

TONGCO
READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
NO. OF HOURS/ SEMESTER: 80
HOURS/SEMESTER
 Core subject description:
The development of reading
and writing skills as applied
to a wide range of materials
other than poetry, fiction
and drama.
 WRITTEN WORK 25%, PERFORMANCE
(50%) AND QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT 25%

ATTENDANCE (PERFORMANCE TASK)

GADGETS ARE NOT ALLOWED DURING

CLASS UNLESS YOU ARE TOLD TO USE
SUCH.

PORTFOLIO (LONG ENVELOPE) AND

SEPARATE NOTEBOOK
READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
NO. OF HOURS/ SEMESTER: 80
HOURS/SEMESTER
READING IS THE
PROCESS OF
EXTRACTING
MEANING FROM A
WRITTEN OR
PRINTED TEXT.
 WRITING IS THE
PROCESS OF USING
SYMBOLS TO
COMMUNICATE
THOUGHTS AND IDEAS
IN A READABLE FORM.
 READING AND
WRITING ARE
INTERDEPENDENT.
 LC 1: EN11/12RWS-IIIA-1

Written Text As Connected

Discourse
 Readers read texts

and writers write texts.

 TEXT VS. DISCOURSE
TEXT is made up of sentences. It is
made up of sentences having the
property of grammatical cohesion.

DISCOURSE is the use of such

sentences. It is made up of utterances
having the property of coherence.
 Coherence and cohesion
refers to the connection of
ideas and connection
between sentences and
between paragraphs.
 A text is a large unit of
written language.
It is a connected discourse.
------
Discourse is an expression
of ideas.
Text is a group of ideas put
together to make a point or
one central idea.
 Sample discourses:
Alex is no stranger to poverty.

Alex passed the highly competitive college

admission test of a respected university.

Studying hard became Alex’s routine, and

despite his being poor, he made sure to
maximize the university’s resources.
Inspired by his friends, Alex worked on joining the
National Chemical Engineering Quiz Bowl as
representative of his university.

Alex will graduate with the university’s highest

academic achievement.

Alex says that while it sounds cliché, he really

wants to give back to the Philippines.
Alex is no stranger to poverty.

Alex passed the highly competitive college admission test of a respected

university.

Studying hard became Alex’s routine, and despite his being poor, he made
sure to maximize the university’s resources.

Inspired by his friends, Alex worked on joining the National Chemical

Engineering Quiz Bowl as representative of his university.

Alex will graduate with the university’s highest academic achievement.

Alex says that while it sounds cliché, he really wants to give back to the
Philippines.
Answer the following questions:

1.What do you think is used to connect one

discourse to another?

2.How did the author link the discourses to

express one main idea?
When you read, do you observe how the ideas
in the text are linked together and how they
form a discourse?

For instance, when you read a recipe, it is easy

to see how the ideas are connected because
the information is presented in chronological
order. When reading an article, you may notice
that the ideas all relate to a particular topic.
How can this clear connection of ideas be
achieved when you write a text?
Discourse

Discourse is the use of words to

exchange thoughts and ideas in an
orderly and organized manner. It
deals not only with the grammar
aspect of a language but also with
the features of the text and the
relationship of words to one
another.
Discourse markers—or conjunctions,
connectives, and linking devices—help
connect ideas to form a logical text.
Text is the “data” in which ideas are
presented in print form. Merriam-
Webster Dictionary defines it as “the
original words of a piece of writing or a
speech.” But before you can even
create a logical text through discourse,
you have to be guided by writing—its
rules and processes.
 What is reading?
READING is a cognitive process of
decoding symbols to derive meaning from
a text. It is always an interaction between
the text and the reader. We read to gain
and share information and ideas, whether
for academic, personal, or professional
purposes.
 Reading Strategies
Previewing - means looking at the readily visible parts
of the text. It helps familiarize you with the contents of
the selection and focus on the important information
in the text.

Skimming - the text means you look for the main point
of the reading and identify the ideas that develop it.

Scanning - the reading is looking for specific

information.
This strategy involves physically moving your eyes
Writing

Writing is the formation of visible

letters or characters as you express
your thoughts. Ideas are woven
together by connecting one idea to
another to create an organized text.
When you write, keep in mind that it is
important for readers to grasp what
you want to convey. Therefore, it is
important that your thoughts are
connected to one another. To link
ideas, make sure that you use proper
discourse markers.
What does writing involve?

Through writing, people share what they

know, debate issues, promote their beliefs,
and advocate change.
Keypoints
It is important that ideas in a text are
connected to one another. This is so that they
may be clearly understood by readers and not
cause confusion.

Discourse is the use of words to exchange

thoughts and ideas in an orderly and organized
manner. It deals not only with the grammar
aspect of a language but also with the features
of the text and the relationship of words to one
another.