BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE

 Tomaintain the balance in the ecosystem

and so that organisms can play its role in
the ecosystem or its environment

 Does not only maintain the homeostasis or

balance but most importantly to sustain
the life of living things.
CYCLES OF MATTER

1. WATER CYCLE
2. CARBON-OXYGEN CYCLE
3. SULFUR CYCLE
4. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
5. NITROGEN CYCLE
 THE WATER CYCLE /
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
 Water is a major resource whose cycle seems to
be faster than others.
 Adding or subtracting heat makes the cycle
work.
 Has three (3) major processes:
1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Precipitation
Evaporation
 Involves adding energy to molecules of a liquid so that it becomes a
gas in which the molecules are farther apart.

 If heat is added to ice, it melts and become liquid water. If heat is

added to liquid water, it evaporates.

 Evaporation turns liquid into a gas which called water vapor.

Condensation
 The reverse process in which molecules of a gas give up energy, get
closer together, and become a liquid.

 If heat is taken away from water vapor, it condenses.

 Condensation turns water vapor into liquid water.

 If heat is taken away from liquid water, it freezes to become an ice.

Precipitation
 Is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that
falls under gravity.
 Occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with
water vapor, so that water condenses followed by precipitation.
 Precipitation includes:
 Drizzle
 Rain
 Sleet
 Snow
 Graupel
 Hail
Hydrologic Cycle
 Water from oceans, lakes, swamps, rivers, plants, and even on us,
can turn into water vapor.
 Living organisms emit the moisture they have consumed through
respiration and perspiration.
 Plants emit water through transpiration. Transpiration is the process
by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores
on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is
released to the atmosphere. Evaporation of water plant leaves.
 Water that comes from precipitation ends up as a run off: water
flows in the downslope surface movement bringing it back to the
rivers, lakes or seas.
CARBON-OXYGEN CYCLE
 Carbon and oxygen cycle are very important not only for humans
but to all living organisms.

 Animals used oxygen in order to survive and given off carbon

dioxide which is used by plants.

 Plants and other producers used carbon dioxide in photosynthesis

and produced oxygen as a waste product.

 The oxygen during photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration and

the carbon dioxide produced in the cellular respiration is used in
photosynthesis.
The Carbon-oxygen cycle
 Involves three major processes and one minor process.
 Major processes:
 Photosynthesis
 Respiration
 Combustion

 Minor process:

 Decomposition
Photosynthesis
 The process by which green plants and some other organisms use
sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
 Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment
chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Solar Energy
 CO2 + H2 O ------------- C6H12O6 + O2
Glucose
Respiration
 A process in living organisms involving the production of energy,
typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon
dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
 Animals take in simple sugars and oxygen and release carbon
dioxide, water and energy.

C6H12O6 + O2 ------------- CO2 + H2O + energy

Combustion
 The process of burning. When combustion occurs, carbon dioxide is
released to the atmosphere.

 Natural combustion includes volcanic eruptions, however most

pollution problems occur because cars and factories release
carbon dioxide by their burning of fossil fuels.
Decomposition
 A minor part of the carbon-oxygen cycle.
 Is when any organic matter (plants, animals) breaks down
chemically into all the simple elements that they are made of and
these elements return back to the environment.
 Decomposers – aid in the decomposition process.
SULFUR CYCLE
 The element sulfur plays a large role in the health of
ecosystem.

 Sulfur has an atmospheric cycle.

 Sulfur is released into the atmosphere when

volcanoes erupt, from the ocean in sulfur-containing
compounds in sea spray, and as the gas hydrogen
sulfide, which is metabolic by-product of some types
of bacteria.
 Sulfur gas combines with oxygen and water in the
atmosphere to become sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
SULFUR CYCLE
 From the atmosphere, sulfur compounds return
to land in dry particles and dissolved in rain.
 Higher amounts of sulfuric acid in the rain can
produce acid rain, which lowers the pH of soils, lakes,
and rivers, damaging organisms and reducing the
yield of plants.

 Some of the sulfur that falls back to earth is taken by and

cycled through organisms in land and aquatic
communities.

 Sulfur continuously falls to the bottom of the ocean as

sediments.
PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE
 Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water,
soil, and sediments and organisms.

 Begins during weathering and erosion.

 Phosphorous enters the environment from rocks of
deposits laid down on the earth many years ago. A
water runs over rocks, it gradually wears away the
surface and carries off a number of minerals, one of
which is phosphorous.
 The roots of the plants absorb the phosphorous in the
soil in the form of organic phosphate.
 Animals obtain most of their phosphate as organic
compounds in the food they eat, or water they drink
may contain amounts of inorganic phosphate.
PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE
 Phosphorous is usually liquid at normal
temperatures and pressures. Mainly cycling
through water, soil and sediments.

 Phosphate cycles through plants and animals is

much faster than it does through rocks and
sediments.

 When animals and plants die, phosphorous will

return to the soil, oceans, and again decay
NITROGEN CYCLE
 BASIC FACTS ABOUT NITROGEN:
1. Nitrogen atoms are the essential components of all
the proteins in your body. The bases in DNA and RNA
also contain nitrogen.
2. Our atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen.
3. Nitrogen must first be converted into other
compounds because the plants, animals, and most
organism cannot use the free nitrogen gas (N2).
NITROGEN CYCLE
 Four
basic steps involve in NITROGEN
CYCLE:
1. Nitrogen Fixation
2. Nitrification
3. Ammonification
4. Denitrification
Nitrogen Fixation
 Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil and root
nodules of legumes (peanut, peas, and beans)
convert nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium ions
(NH4+).
 Small amounts of nitrogen gas are also
converted by lightning into usable nitrogen
compounds.
 The ammonium ions are released to the roots of
the bacteria’s host and soil.
 Some plants can use ammonium ions directly to
make organic compounds.
Nitrification
 Some plants obtain nitrogen from nitrates,
instead of ammonium ions.
 Nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert ammonium
ions into nitrites (NO2) and then into nitrates
(NO3).
 Nitrates are absorbed by the roots of the plants
and are used to produced proteins and other
nitrogen compounds. These nitrogen
compounds become part of the consumer’s
bodies when they eat plants.
Ammonification

 When organisms die, the nitrogen

compounds in their remains are broken
down into ammonia by decomposers,
such as fungi and bacteria.
Denitrification

 The conversion of nitrogen compounds,

such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, into free
nitrogen gas. This conversion is done by
denitrifying bacteria. The free nitrogen
returns to the atmosphere to be cycled
again.
“KUNG GIKAPOY NAKA’G
ESKWELA, HUNA-HUNAA
‘TONG GUSTO MUSKWELA
PERO WAY IKAPASKWELA.”