A noun is a word that identifies a person,

animal, place, thing, or idea.

 How to Spell Plural Nouns:
With -es or -s?
If a word ends in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, you add -es. For
almost all other nouns, add -s to pluralize.
bus buses
Wash washes
Splotch splotches
Box boxes
buzz buzzes.
WHEN A WORD ENDS IN Y YOU CHANGE
THE Y FOR THE ENDING IES

PENNY PENNIES
SPY
CITY
DAISY
Bush BOAT
Bus House
wish Cat
Pitch River
box
SOME WORDS KEEP THE SAME PLURAL
NAME

SHEEP
FISH
DEER
SPECIES
IRREGULAR NAMES
When the word has two OO in the middle you
change for EE
TOOTH
FOOT
GOOSE
A to E

MAN
WOMAN
WHEN THE WORD FINISH IN F OR EF YOU
CHANGE THE ENDING FOR VES.

LEAF LEAVES
HALF
KNIFE
LIFE
ELF
LOAF
All other regular nouns can be
pluralized by simply adding an
-s. These are just a few
examples:
Cat cats.
Cup cups.
Shoe shoes.
ski skis.
toque toques.
 Adding -s or -es to a noun to make it
plural is the most common form of
pluralization, but there are many
other plural noun rules that apply to
words with certain endings.
KISS________________________.
DOG_______________________.
CLASS______________________.
BUISNESS___________________.
FOX________________________.
BOOK_______________________.
CHURCH_____________________.
DISH_________________________.
BUSH_________________________.
BOX__________________________.
Work for adjectives and verbs.
Las terminaciones “-ed” y “-ing” no
sólo se usan para formar los tiempos
verbales del pasado y presente
continuo, también se usan con
adjetivos.
 What is an adjective?
Adjectives are words that describe or modify other word.
Estos adjetivos están compuestos de un verbo y estas
dos terminaciones, pero ten en cuenta que el sentido
cambia dependiendo de que terminación se use.
Adjectives that end ‘-ed’ describe emotions – they tell us
how people feel about something.
 I was very bored in the maths lesson. I almost fell
asleep.
 He was surprised to see Helen. She’d told him she was
going to Australia.
 Feeling tired and depressed, he went to bed.
Adjectives that end ‘-ing’ describe the thing that causes
the emotion – a boring lesson makes you feel bored.
 Have you seen that film? It’s absolutely terrifying.
 I could listen to him for hours. He’s one of the most
interesting people I’ve ever met.
 I can’t eat this! It’s disgusting! What is it?
You look really (tired/tiring). Why don't you go to bed?

Sit down - I've got some very (excited/exciting) news.

He's got a very (annoyed/annoying) habit of interrupting people.

I'm very (disappointed/disappointing) by your behaviour.

Kids! You're (disgusted/disgusting)! Don't talk with your mouths

full!
The general rule when changing a verb into its -ING form is just to add
-ING to the end of the verb.

Infinitive ING form

to feel feeling
to go going
to work working
to sleep sleeping
The following exceptions exist when spelling words
ending in ING:

1). If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and

add ING.
Infinitive ING form
to live living
to have having
to make making
to take taking
 2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel +
consonant, we double the final consonant
and add ING.
Infinitive ING form
to stop stopping
to sit sitting
to plan planning
to get getting
to swim swimming

3). If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant,

we do not double the final consonant when the stress is on the
first syllable. Infinitive ING form
to happen happening
to enter entering
to offer offering
to suffer suffering
4). But, we do not double the final consonant when
the verb ends in W, X or Y or when the final syllable
is not emphasized.
Infinitive ING form
to fix fixing
to enjoy enjoying
to snow snowing

5). If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.

Infinitive ING form
to lie lying
to die dying
to tie tying
6). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally
double the final L and add ING.
Note: In the United States (US) they do not double the L when the accent is on the
first syllable.
ING form ING form
Infinitive
(UK) (US)
to travel travelling traveling
to marvel marvelling marveling

7). If the verb ends in a stressed vowel + R, we double the final

R and add ING.
Infinitive ING form
refer referring
defer deferring
8). If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel + R, we
do not double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive ING form

to offer offering
to suffer suffering
to whisper whispering