Lazaro 1.Scientific and Humanistic 2.Intrinsic and Pay-off 3.Formative and Summative 1.Scientific and Humanistic Approaches
Scientific Approach- is probably the oldest approach to
curriculum evaluation as it dates from modernism and the emphasis on the scientific method of the 19th to 20th century. This approach to curriculum evaluation focuses on using quantitative data generate by the learners. This allows for statistical analysis. Furthermore, the results are compared in order to determine the level of success. This comparison is at the heart of decision-making when this approach is employed. 1.Scientific and Humanistic Approaches
Humanistic Approach- looks at the individual rather than the
numbers. Data is much more qualitative in nature. The rationale behind this is that life has multiple perspectives to it and quantitative data only provides one perspective. 2. Intrinsic and Pay-off Approaches
Intrinsic Approach- is used to assess the overall quality of a
curriculum. This involves looking at the various components of curriculum design such as the scope, sequence, articulation, balance and other aspects. Aspects of curriculum development are also assessed which means examining the teaching methods, content, and learning experiences. However, initially, at least, the criteria of evaluation is not determined but emerges after the process begins. 2. Intrinsic and Pay-off Approaches
Pay-off Approach- clear evaluation criteria are set from the
outset. Normally, evaluators look at the impact of the curriculum on its stakeholders, which often includes, students, teachers, parents, and administrators. This approach to evaluation is among the most popular in education because of the clear criteria which makes data collection smooth and efficient. 3. Formative and Summative Approaches
Formative Approach-aim to gain quick feedback about the
effectiveness of current instructional strategies with the explicit goal of enhancing teaching during the target course. The focus of formative evaluation is on soliciting feedback that enables timely revisions to enhance the learning process. Formative evaluations are designed to provide information to help instructors improve their online instruction. Formative evaluations may be conducted at any time throughout the instructional process to monitor the value and impact of instructional practices or to provide feedback on teaching strengths and challenges. 3. Formative and Summative Approaches
Summative Approach- emphasize an overall judgement of one’s effectiveness in
teaching online. Conducted at the end of a course or program, the focus of summative evaluations is to measure and document quality indicators for decision-making purposes. Although information gained from summative evaluations may be used to improve future teaching performance, the information is not provided in a timely fashion to provide opportunities for revision or modification of instructional strategies while the teaching and learning is still in progress. Summative evaluations are designed to measure instructor performance following a sustained period of teaching with the focus on identifying the effectiveness of instruction. Summative evaluations provide a means of accountability in gauging the extent to which an instructor meets the institution’s expectations for online teaching. Because summative evaluations are a central component of gauging instructional effectiveness at most institutions, the high-stakes nature mandates that these evaluations are valid and reliable.