Non-Salt Compounds

 Two or more non-metals bonded

 Atoms share electrons to achieve a
completely filled outer shell
 Inorganic: non-salt “carbon & hydrogen”
• Examples: PCl5, NH3
 Organic: Carbon based compounds
• non-salts that contain the element C & H
• Examples: C2H5, CH3COCH3
SM 7.1
Naming Non-Salts
 Many chemicals have multiple names
associated with them
 Frequently named with Greek prefixes to
indicate number of atoms
• Mono = 1
• Di = 2
• Tri = 3
• Tetra = 4

SM 7.3
General Properties of Non- Salts

 Most are liquids and gases

Mostly not water soluble
FLAMMABLE GAS

2

 Most do not conduct electricity

 Non- metal + non-metal
 Often flammable FLAMMABLE

Often toxic
3

POISON

SM 7.3
General Properties of Non- Salts

 Some are corrosive

CORROSIVE

 Some are oxidizers 8

 May be simple asphyxiants or chemical

asphyxiants
OXYDIZER

5.1

 Many pesticides are non-salts

POISON

SM 7.3
Inorganic non-salts
Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 Nitrous Acid
Phosphorous Pentoxide P2O5 Phosphoric Acid
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 Sulfurous Acid
Sulfur Trioxide SO3 Sulfuric Acid
Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbonic Acid

Non-Metal Oxides produce

SM 7.2
 ouch
that
hurts

HNO3

Cu + 4HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

what’s N2O?
Nitrogen Dioxide
– NO2 gas -
+
Aniline
C6H5NH2
Non Metallic Acid Precursors
Non-Metal Oxides + Water
CO2
NO2
P2O5
SO2
Inorganic Covalent
Corrosive Gas
Ammonia NH3
Repulsive Gas – ignites
Silane SiH4 spontaneously in air
Highly Toxic Gas -
Phosphine PH3 fumigant
Toxic and
Arsine AsH3 Flammable Gas
Very Flammable
Diborane B2H6 FR = 0.8% to 88%

SM 7.2
Inorganic non-salts
Toxic
Carbon Monoxide CO Colorless Gas,
Flammable Gas
used as catalyst
Phosgene COCl2 in OrganicToxic
synthesis
Irritating Gas
Laughing Gas
Nitrous Oxide N2O
Non flammable vapors
Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4
a very volatile liquid

Boron Triflouride BF3 noncombustible,

toxic, corrosive

SM 7.2
Phosgene is an extremely toxic volatile gas
First made in 1812 by the action of sunlight on CO and HCl
Made today by catalytically combining the two gases over activated carbon
Briefly used as a chemical warfare gas in 1916
Now used primarily in the manufacture of foam polymers,
and in the production of herbicides and insecticides
Organic Covalent
Plain Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Name Formula Name Formula
Methane CH4 Vinyl chloride C2H3Cl
Butane C4H10 Dimethyl ketone (acetone) CH3COCH3
Octane C8H18 Methyl amine CH3NH 2

SM 7.2
 ACTIVITY SHEET #7.1
Organic or Inorganic?

Name Formula Ionic or Covalent? Organic or Inorganic?

Oxygen Covalent Inorganic
Water Covalent Inorganic
HCl Ionic Inorganic
Calcium oxide Ionic Inorganic
Methane CH4 Covalent Organic
NaClO3 Ionic Inorganic
Anhydrous ammonia NH3 Covalent Inorganic
NaOH Ionic Inorganic
Calcium peroxide Ionic Inorganic
KMnO4 Ionic Inorganic

Acetylene C2H2 Covalent Organic

AgNO3 Ionic Inorganic

Octane C8H18 Covalent Organic
Sodium cyanide Ionic Inorganic
Calcium carbide CaC2 Ionic Inorganic
 Haz Mat Tech 1A • Practice Worksheet #1
Part I: Types of Substances
1. Which of the following are metals?
Na P K C As Cl F Xe U O Ag
2. Which of the following are nonmetals?
Li Mg S Zr B He
3. Which of the following are salts?
NaBr KClO4 HClO4 MgO BaSO4 CO2

4. Which of the following are organic compounds?

C2H6 C12H26 NH3 HBr H2S CO2

5. Which of the following are nonsalts?

MgBr2 CO2 C8H18 LiH H2SO4 H2 O

6. Which of the following are mixtures?

air acetone alcohol gasoline benzene coffee
7. Which of the following are elements?
H2O HCN H Mg Ag Bronze

8. Which of the following are compounds?

HBr C O O2 CO2 NaCl Cl2

9. Which of the following are solids?

Na Br2 NaBr O2 Cl2 CaCl2 CaC2 Hg

10. Which of the following are liquids?

H2 C Br2 Hg H2O NH3

11. Which of the following are gases?

C HF He NO2 H2 F2 K

12. Which of the following are radioactive elements?

Carbon-14 Cobalt-59 Cobalt-60 Americium-241 Sodium-23
SM D.1
Part III: Characteristics of Atoms
15. Complete the following chart:

Symbol Name # Electrons Oxidizer or Ion Formed Name of Ion

in Outer Reducer
Shell

Na Sodium 1 R Cation Sodium

Cl Chlorine 7 O anion Chloride

C Carbon 4 R anion carbide

O Oxygen 6 O anion oxide
Br Bromine 7 O anion bromide

Ar Argon 8 N/A NA NA

Al Aluminum 3 R cation aluminum

Li Lithium 1 R cation lithium

S Sulfur 6 R anion sulfide
16. Which characteristic periodically changes as you move across the periodic table?

a. The number of neutrons in the outer shell

b. The number of protons in the outer shell

c. The number of electrons in the outer shell

d. The number of nucleons in the outer shell

SM D.3
Classification of
Matter Matter

Pure Substance Mixture

Element Compound

Metal Non-Metal

Covalent
Non-Salt Ionic
Salt

Organic Inorganic