Connectors

CPC Connector
• This specification covers the requirements for application of
Circular Plastic Connectors (CPC). The connectors are
available in various shell sizes and standard or reverse sex
configurations. The four series available include standard,
high, and power density connectors, and a combination
standard and power density connector. The CPC’s are
designed for use with various contacts. Applicable wire
sizes range from 30 to 8 AWG and can be crimped with
hand tools or by automatic machines.
• CPC couplings and fittings are ideal connectors for plastic
tubing applications in multiple industries, including
medical, biopharmaceutical, chemical handling, liquid
cooling of electronics, industrial, printing and food
processing.
CPC Connector
 MS Connector
• These connectors are thread coupled and are in
conformity to operating requirements of MIL C
5015 specifications for various industrial
applications, these connectors are known for
their supreme reliability, high power carrying
capacity, their inherent ruggedness and capacity
to withstand extreme environmental conditions.
Different insert layouts as per MILSTD 1651A and
different contact sizes allow carrying of current
upto 150 amps. The standard MILC 5015 insert
layouts permit mixing of power and signal
contacts.
• The connectors of class E, F and R are designed to
operate in extreme environmental conditions. These
connectors are completely sealed to withstand
moisture, condensation, vibration and flash-over. MS-F
and MS-R connectors have a resilient grommet around
each wire.
• Connector classes MS 3106F, MS 3106R and MS 3108R
feature an O-ring under the coupling nut. It is missing
on connectors class MS 3106E and MS 3108E.
• Connector classes MS 3106F, MS 3106R and MS 3108R
feature an O-ring under the coupling nut. It is missing
on connectors class MS 3106E and MS 3108E.
 Pushbutton
• Pushbutton switches are mechanical switches
defined by the method used to activate the
switch. The activation method is typically in
the form of a plunger that is pushed down to
open or close the switch.
 Actuator Style
• The actuator in pushbutton switches is the part of
the switch to which an external force is applied to
operate the switch. It can come in several styles
including, Recessed- A recessed pushbutton
actuator is within base, this is useful to protect
against accidental actuation. Flush-A flush
pushbutton is flush with the base; typical
example would be a doorbell. Raised- A raised
pushbutton resembles a plunger; typical example
would be a pedestrian cross
 Switches
• Contacts
• In the simplest case, a switch has two pieces of
metal called contacts
• That touch to make a circuit,
• That separate to break the circuit.
• The contact material is chosen for its:
• Resistance to corrosion, because most metals form
insulating oxides that would prevent the switch from
working.
• Contact also chosen on the basis of electrical
conductivity
• Hardness (resistance to abrasive wear)
• Mechanical strength
 Switches
• Contacts
• Sometimes the contacts are plated with noble
metals
• They may be designed to wipe against each other
to clean off any contamination
• Nonmetallic conductors, such as conductive
plastic, are sometimes used.
• Actuator
• The moving part that applies the operating force
to the contacts is called the actuator, and may be
a toggle or dolly, a rocker, a push-button or any
type of mechanical linkage (see photo).
 Switches
• Contact arrangements
• A pair of contacts is said to be 'closed' when there
is no space between them,
• Allows electricity to flow from one to the other.
• When the contacts are separated by an insulating
air gap, an air space, they are said to be 'open',
• No electricity can flow at typical voltages.
• Switches classified according
• To the arrangement of their contacts in electronics
fields
• But electricians in the electrical wiring service
business use different nomenclature,
 Switches
• Switches Normally Opened/Closed
• Some contacts are normally open (Abbreviated
"n.o." or "no") until closed by operation of the
switch
• Others are normally closed ("n.c. or "nc") and
opened by the switch action
• Abbreviations given are commonly used on
electronics diagrams for clarity of operation in
assembly, analysis or troubleshooting
• Changeover switch
• Make-before-break switch contact
• Break-before-make switch contact
 Switches
• Changeover switch
• Which type is used could be important
• If for example, the switch selects two different power
sources instead of switching circuit loads
• Or the circuit load will not and cannot tolerate any
interruption in applied power.
• pole and throw are also used to describe
switch contact variations
• A pole
• Set of contacts, the switch's electrical terminals that are
connected to and belong to a single circuit, usually a
load.
• A throw
 Switches
• pole and throw are also used to describe
switch contact variations
• A throw
• Which normally, but not always correspond to the
number positions the switch handle or rotor can take
when connecting between the common lead of the
switch and a pole or poles
• A throw position which connects no terminals (poles),
has a mis-match between positions and positions which
connect terminals
• But are quite useful to turn things "Off" or for example,
alternatively select between two scaled modes of operation.
(e.g. Bright illumination, moderate illumination, no
illumination.)
• Abbreviations for the types of switch in electronics
 Switches
• pole and throw are also used to describe
switch contact variations
• Abbreviations for the types of switch in
electronics
• Such as
• "single-pole, double-throw" (SPDT), connecting either of
two terminals to the common terminal
• In electrical power wiring (i.e. House and building wiring
by electricians) names generally involving the suffixed
word "-way" are used
• Types
• SPST
• Single pole, single throw
• A simple on-off switch: Example is a light switch
 Switches
• Types
• SPDT
• Single pole, double throw
• A simple changeover switch: C (COM, Common) is
connected to L1 or to L2
• DPST
• Double pole, single throw
• Equivalent to two SPST switches
controlled by a single mechanism
• DPDT
• Double pole, double throw
• Equivalent to two SPDT switches
controlled by a single mechanism:
 Switches
• Contact bounce
• Also called chatter
• Common problem with mechanical switches and
relays
• Switch and relay contacts are usually made of springy
metals
• They are forced into contact by an actuator.
• When the contacts strike together, their momentum
and elasticity act together to cause bounce.
• The result is a rapidly pulsed electrical current instead of a
clean transition from zero to full current.
• The waveform is then further modified by the parasitic
inductances and capacitances in the switch and wiring,
resulting in a series of damped sinusoidal oscillations
 Switches
• Contact bounce
• Solutions
• There are a number of techniques for debouncing
(mitigating the effects of switch bounce). They can be
split into :
• Wet contacts
• Timing based techniques
• Hysteresis based techniques.
• Wet Contacts
• Mercury wetted switch contacts do not suffer from bounce
• as once the connection is made the mercury keeps the
contact conducting during mechanical bounce
• Toxic solution
• Timing based techniques
 Switches
• Contact bounce
• Solutions
• Timing based techniques
• Simple Series resistor and Cap to ground on the Switch
input
• Schmitt Trigger on the input

• Sample the switch state at intervals longer than any

possible train of bounces.
 Static Pushbuttons
• Overview
• Some common Slot Machine Buttons w/switchs
 Static Pushbuttons
• Overview
• Part of the Button switch
assembly that the end user
activates
• Can be very simple (below)

• Or Complex like those on

a slot machine
• Older style with a lamp
shown on the right
 Dynamic Pushbuttons
• New Types of Dynamic Pushbuttons
• Started as programmable keys for a
keyboard
• LCD and oLED pushbuttons are found in
newer player panels