Introduction

A heat exchanger is a device in which two fluid streams, one hot and
another cold, are brought into ‘thermal contact’ in order to effect transfer of
heat from the hot fluid stream to the cold.
 It provides relatively large area of heat transfer for a given volume of
the equipment.
 The driving force for the operation of a heat exchanger is the
temperature difference between the fluids.
 The heat exchanger ‘design code’ for mechanical design calculations is
TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufactures Assocication) and
ASME(American Society for Mechanical Engineers).

Applications
They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning,
power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries,
natural gas processing and sewage treatment.
Selection of Heat Exchanger Type

The selection process include number of factor all of which

are related to heat transfer applications These factors
include the following :
• Thermal and hydraulic requirements
• Material compatibility
• Operational maintenance
• Environment, health and safety consideration and regulation
• Availability
• Cost
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

In this heat exchanger the fluid to be cooled or heated passes through the tube and
the other fluid is passed through other tube with larger diameter to absorb or release
the heat.
• It is also known as concentric tube heat exchanger.
• It follows indirect heat transfer mechanism.
• Counter flow mechanism is more efficent.
Advantages
Cheap for both design and maintenance.
Disadvantages
Low efficiency and requires large space.
A form of shell and tube heat exchanger, double pipe heat
exchangers employ the simplest heat exchanger design and
configuration which consists of two or more concentric,
cylindrical pipes or tubes (one larger tube and one or more
smaller tubes).
As per the design of all shell and tube heat exchangers, one
fluid flows through the smaller tube(s), and the other fluid
flows around the smaller tube(s) within the larger tube.
The design requirements of double pipe heat exchangers
include characteristics from the recuperative and indirect
contact types mentioned previously as the fluids remain
separated and flow through their own channels throughout the
heat transfer process. However, there is some flexibility in the
design of double pipe heat exchangers, as they can be designed
with cocurrent or countercurrent flow arrangements and to be
used modularly in series, parallel, or series-parallel
configurations within a system. For example, Figure 4, below,
depicts the transfer of heat within an isolated double pipe heat
exchanger with a cocurrent flow configuration.