Ecological production management

system.
Promotes an biodiversity, biological
cycle, and soil biological activities.
It focuses on the management practices
that restore, maintain, and enhance
ecological harmony.
A potential or new producer must visit an
existing organic farming operation,
attend organic grower’s meeting and
thoroughly research about the topic.
Avoids the use of synthetic chemical
fertilizers and pesticides.
Maintained through the heavy use of
naturally occurring plant and animal
materials.
Compost
Crop diversification is very important in
the aspect of soil conditioning.
Dependent upon the continuing activity
of beneficial microorganism (bacteria,
fungus, actinomycetes, and other
beneficial organism)
Convert organic matter to compounds
available to plants.
Advanced by healthy soil, plant
resistance, and use of organic pesticide
that pose little or no adverse effect on the
soil, crop, environment, and human
health.
Use plants with insect repelling
properties to minimize insect infestation.
Use net barriers to prevent insect attacks.
 Cover crop – type of plant grown to provide nitrogen, supplies weeds, manage soil
erosion, help build and improve soil fertility and quality and control disease.
 Crop rotation – the systematic planting of different crops in a particular order over
several years in a particular order over several year in the same growing space. This
process help maintaining nutrients in the soil, reduce soil erosion.
 Green manuring – crops sown to cover bare soil after crops are harvested. The term
green manure refers to a range of plants grown to feed your soil rather than your family.
 Trap cropping – the planting of tap crop to protect the main crop from a certain or
certain or several pest.
 Trap crop – also known as sacrificial crop. It should be more attractive to pest than the
main crop.
 Intercropping - the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. It
also creates biodiversity, which attracts a variety of beneficial and predatory insects.
 Bacillus thuringiensis – natural occurring, soil borne bactials that has been used since
1950’s for natural insect control.
Documentation and Record keeping Insect Pest Management
Soil Management Disease Manage
Weed Management Operation Management
Farm Management Plan
Must maintain an integrated record keeping
systems.
Records of production practices harvested
dates, yields, product inventory and sales.
Complete historical and annual records of
purchases, inventory, and usage off-farms and
on-farm inputs (application dates, rates, types
of materials, and equipment used).
 Increases the soil organic matter content through crop
rotation, cover cropping, manuring and/or compost
application.
 Temporal and spatial crop rotation with full-season.
 Multiple crop production system that applies the
extensive use of legumes and green manure crops.
 Cover cropping
 Mulching for improved soil condition and for optional
annual and perennial weed management.
Use of any synthetic herbicides are
prohibited.
Control of annual and perennial weed must
be prevented/controlled by crop rotation,
cover cropping, cover cropping and
mulching.
Weed management that are dependent on
extensive cultivation is discourage.
 Should be based on Integrated Pest Management
(IPM).
 Cultural practices planning production schedules,
planting resistant varieties, planning dates, crop
selection, rotation, trap cropping, and intercropping.
 Mechanical or physical control pheromone traps, sticky
traps, and vacuuming, etc.
 Extensive use of beneficial organism and
entomopathogens is encouraged.
 Utilization of legume or grass over crops to
develop natural insecticides is also encouraged.
 Biological pesticides (Bacillus Thuringiensis,
viruses, and entomophytes) are permitted.
 Minimal application of permitted insecticidal
soaps, natural vegetable soaps, herbal
preparation, and diatomaceous earth are
permitted.
Planning production schedules,
choosing crops, locating and sizing
plantings and deciding soil-
management practices.
Planting resistant varieties, timing of
planting, intercropping, crop rotations,
and avoidance of excessive fertilization.
Must have an extensive, in-depth knowledge
of organic standards and certification
procedures.
Plans and implement extensive integrated
organic crop management systems.
Demonstrates and implements extensive
environmental and soil conservation
programs.
 Soil improvements – increase organic matter content.
 Water conservation – irrigation scheduling, application rates and
intervals; soil and crop moisture utilization.
 Current crop production plans – crops and growing season for
each field.
 Weed control – prevention through crop rotation, cover cropping,
mulching and smother cropping.
 Insect control – IPM approach, using resistant varieties, planting
dates, crop selection and rotation, trap cropping and intercropping.
 Disease control – use resistant varieties, time the planting,
intercropping, crop rotation, and proper fertilization.
 Site Selection
Socioeconomic Factors
Water Supply And Quality
Crop And Variety Selection
Maret Development
 Correlated to the producer’s ability to
understand and manipulate the inputs.
 Crop failure and financial loss result from factors
beyond the control of the producer.
 A grower should pay attention to design and
cultural practices over which he/she has controls
land, crop and variety selection.
 A good understanding od these practices are
interrelated and how they affect production
minimizes the risk.
 Greatly dependent on a well-prepared plan.
 One of the most effective means of reducing potential problems is through
the selection of appropriate field site.
 Three points that should be considered when selecting a field to produce
vegetables:
1. Accessibility – select an area that is far from any possible pollutant
source. It should be accessible to any kind of transportation to facilitate
mobility of a producer, transport of farm inputs as well as farm produce.
2. Topography – physical characteristics of the overall field site (contour,
soil depth, water and air drainage, and presence of rock outcrops and
trees). An ideal topography for crop production is one that is nearly that
to slightly sloping, well drained, and free of trees, rocks and low areas.
3. Soil type – physical condition of properties of the soil. Soils consist of
decomposed mineral matter (sand, silt, and clay) and decomposed
organic matter. Soils is the fundamental resources base for all
agricultural production systems. Soil quality and soil health are
viewed as the foundation to successful organic crop production.
 Farm resources – refer to what the farmers have in the
farms organic inputs or farmer’s ability to produce his
own farm inputs.
 Labor availability – labor requirement is intensive at
the start of conversation progress. Growers should also
ensure labor availability within the growing period.
 Distance market – one big factor in the success of
organic crop production. Be sure to have easy access
on market areas.
Water is the life-blood of crop production.
Vegetable crops generally require more
total of water and more frequent irrigation.
Only field that have easy access to a source
of toxic elements (sodium, boron or
aluminium).
With reduce number of tools to combat pests
available, it has great importance on the use
of resistant crops and varieties as the
primary means of pest control.
Organic producers who use varieties or
grow species with resistance on grow
species with resistance to many diseases
greatly increase their chances of success.
The need to develop markets for the produce
should be established prior to planting the
crop due to their limited or niche market status.
To achieve profitability, a producer must have a
well thought out production and marketing
plan.
A farming operation must be “Certified
Organic” by government accredited certifiers.