BJQK 1103

MATHEMATICS FOR
TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC 1: ALGEBRA…cont’d
Linear Equation Graph
• Equation of a straight line (Persamaan Garis Lurus)
y = mx + c

y = mx + c y = how far up
x = how far along
m = slope
c = value of y when x = 0
slope intersect c
(kecerunan) (pintasan)
X and Y Axis
• The left-right (horizontal) direction is commonly called X.

• The up-down (vertical) direction is commonly called Y.

• Put them together on a graph ...

X and Y Axis (Example)
• The coordinates are always written in a
certain order:
• the horizontal distance first (x axis)
• then the vertical distance (y axis)

(x, y)
• Point (6,4) is
• 6 units across (in the x direction)
• 4 units up (in the y direction)
X and Y Axis (Quadrant)
• When we include negative values, the x
and y axes divide the space up into 4
pieces:
• Quadrants I - both x and y are positive
• Quadrants II - x is negative (y is still positive)
• Quadrants III - both x and y are negative
• Quadrants IV - x is positive again, while y is Counter clockwise direction

negative
X and Y Axis (Quadrant - Example)
Equation of a Straight Line (Persamaan Garis Lurus)
y = mx + c

• How do you find "m" and “c"?

• c is easy: just see where the line crosses the Y axis c
• m (the Slope - kecerunan) needs some calculation:

or
y2  y1
m
x2  x1
Example y = mx + c

c = 1 (value of y when x = 0)

So: y = 2x + 1
Try this:
y2  y1
m
x2  x1

• Find the slope from the two points?

• A (-2, -1) and B (4, 3)
• A (-1, 4) and B (2, -2)
Positive or Negative Slope
Example y = mx + c

y2  y1
or m
x2  x1

c=0

Means: y = −3x + 0

We do not need the zero!

So: y = −3x
Exercise
Equation Slope Intercept
y= 3x+ 2
y= 5x−2
y=−2x+ 4
y= 12x
y=12x−23
2y−10x= 8
x+y+ 1 = 0
The equation of a straight line through two
given points
y  y1 y2  y1

x  x1 x2  x1

Find the equation of the line passing through (1, 1) and (4, -8).
y – 1 = -8 – 1 y – 1 = – 3 (x – 1)
x–1 4 -1
y – 1 = - 3x + 3
y–1 = –9
x–1 3 y = - 3x + 4
Exercise
y  y1 y2  y1

x  x1 x2  x1

• Find the equation of the lines described below

1. passing through(−2,3) and (2,−5)
2. passing through (0,2) and (4,0)
3. passing through(4,6) and (8,26)
Midpoint of a Straight Line (Titik Tengah)

 x x
1 2 yy
1 2


 , 
 2 2 

• What is the midpoint between A (2, 4) and B (6, 10)?

 Distance between two points (Jarak)
Example 1

AB =

Example 2
AB = (x  x )2  ( y  y )2
1 2 1 1

AB =
Exercise
AB = (x  x )2  ( y  y )2
1 2 1 1

• What is the distance between the points (-2, 5) and (4, -3)?