SOURCES OF AIRPOLLUTION : 1. NATURAL SOURCES : o Atmospheric reaction : In the atmosphere , different types of chemical reaction are always going on. In the lower atmosphere, the gases or vapours are converted in soilds and liquid by condensation or oxidation. In the upper atmosphere , the photochemical reaction are going on by the absorption of ultra violet solar radiation. It breaks the complex molecules of organic matters. o Gas and ash released from volcanic eruption • Smoke and green house gases released by forest fires. o Harmful gases, particulates and chemical form dust storms, electric storms. o Marsh gases due to decay of vegetable matter in marshy places. o Salt spray from oceans. o Microorganisms: these are in the form of algae , fungi, bacteria, yeast, etc. these organisms can be transported by wind to far distance and can affect plants , animals and human being. o Radioactive: the radioactive substance like uranium, radium, thorium, etc. present in the earth crust are responsible for imparting the radioactive air. 1. MAN MADE SOURCES: o COMBUSTION OF FUEL: in domestic area, the burning of coal, wood , oil, LPG, etc. forms harmful gases which pollute the air. o Automobile exhaust : automobile like truck, buses , cars, two wheelers , autoriskshows , etc. exhausts carbon monoxide which is dangerous to human health. o Industries :the industrial like iron and steel manufacturing oil refinery, chemical factories, petro chemical plants, pulp and paper , etc. cause air pollution. o o Thermal and nuclear power plants : the thermal power plants contribute sulphur dioxide and nuclear power plants contribute radioactive fly ashes to the atmosphere air. o Agricultural activities : use of pesticides for growing crops may cause air pollution. o Construction materials : the manufacture of bricks , cement , stones chips , etc. pollute the atmosphere by discharging smoke , gases and dusts. o o Mining o Nuclear explosions o Air crafts o Waste water treatment plants EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION o HEALTH OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH : 1. Some aromatic hydrocarbons may cause cancer. 2. Exposure to dust , smoke, smog, and soot may induce several respiratory diseases like asthama , bronchitis and lung cancer 3. Atmosphere dust containing slilica may cause silicosis. 4. Air borne and toxic metals are carcinogenic. 5. Pollens initiate asthamatic attacks. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS AND VEGETATION : o Air pollutants affect plants by entering through stomata , destroy chlorophyll and effect photosynthesis. o During the day time the stomata are wide open to facilitate photosynthesis. o Air pollutants during during day time affects plants by entering the leaf through these stomata more than night. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON MATERIALS AND BULDINGS : o Sulphur dioxide effects marble, limestone, roofing, paper , building, textile and monuments. o No fades away textile dyes like cotton, rayon etc. x
higher level of No causes 10 % losses if fibre
x
strength in cotton and rayon.
o Leather also has affinity far so which affects its 2
strength and causes it to disintegrate.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON CLIMATE:
o Emissions of pollutants into the air can result in
changes to the climate. Ozone in the atmosphere warms the climate, while different components of particulate matter (PM) can have either warming or cooling effects on the climate. Climate changes can result in impacts to air quality. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON AESTHETIC BEAUTY : The aesthetic beauty of nature is not visible [Reduction in visibility results from scattering of light by air borne particulates (0.1 to 1 µm size). This also leads to safety hazards] in the haze formed by dust and smoke in the air. Industries, automobiles, sewage & garbage heaps emit foul odours causing further loss of aesthetic beauty. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON ANIMALS
When the animals feed upon the particulate
coated plants (especially with Fluorine, Lead, Arsenic) they get affected with Arsenic poisoning (cattle and sheep) and Arsenic poisoning (cattle). Lead poisoning results in bronchitis and lack of appetite in pet animals. THANK YOU….