Unit 5

Source to fiber power

Launching
 Content

• Output pattern of optical source (LED and LASER doide)

• Power coupling
• Power launching
• Equilibrium Numercical Aperture
• Laser diode to fiber coupling
 Coupling efficiency

 Coupling efficiency =

PF = Power coupled to fiber

PS = Power emitted from the light source
 Emission pattern optical source is spherical
 R, θ and Ø spherical coordinate system with
the normal
 Emission pattern of optical source

• B= Optical power radiated from a unit area of the source into a

unit solid angle [watts/(square centimeter per stradian)]
Surface emitting LEDs have a Lambertian
pattern:

[5-2]
Edge emitting LEDs and laser diodes radiation
pattern

[5-3]

1) Edge-emitting LEDs and laser diode have more complex emission

Pattern
2) B(θ,0) and B(θ,90) in the parallel and normal have different
radiances
3) For edge emitting LEDs, L=1
Power Coupled from source to the fiber
Power coupled from LED to the Fiber
 Power coupled from LED to the Fiber

• Total optical power from LED:

Power coupled from LED to the Fiber
 Equilibrium numerical aperture

 Light source attached with a short (1- to 2

-m) fiber flylead
 Flylead used for coupling of source to fiber
 Both has normally same NA and core redius
 Loss take place at the junction
 Depends on the connection mechanism and
on fiber type
 An excess power loss take place in flylead
 Equilibrium numerical aperture

 Excess power loss is result of

nonpropagating modes
 Launch mode come in the equilibrium
condition
 Surface-emitting LEDs – this loss is
dominant
 Launch power into all modes
 Fiber couple laser has less loss
 Exite fewer nonpropagating modes
 Power Launching and
wavelength
Optical power launched into fiber is
dependent only on radiance(brightness)
Not on wavelength.
Lensing schemes used to improve optical
source-to-fiber coupling efficiency
Optical receiver operation
 Content

 Fundamental receiver operation

 Digital Signal Transmission
 Error sources
 Receiver configuration
 Digital receiver performance
 Probability of error
 The Quantum limit
 Analog receiver
 Besic section of optical receiver

Vout
Filter/ Sampling Decision
Front-end
equalizer circuit circuit
amplifer

Photon
Clock
recovery

Photodetector
Eye Diagram
Eye pattern