SHRI B.G.MARWADI GIRLS H.S.

SCHOOL

SESSION 2019-20

SUBJECT- TRANSFORMER

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Mrs. Rajni Bandi Sejal Chourasiya
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that original and genius

investigation work has been out to investigate
about the subject matter and the relate data
collection and investigation has been
completed slowly and satisfactorily by Sejal
Chourasiya of class 12th section “A” of Shri
.B.G.marwadi Girls H.S.School regarding her
project this is here by certify that ,it is
original and genius investigtion.

Signature Signature
Mrs . Rajni Bandi Principal
Bharti Mishra
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It’s with deep sense of gratitude that I

take opportunity to express my sincere
thanks to Mrs Rajni Bandi and our
principal Bharti Mishra for the support
an valuable advice in presentation of
this project.
I thankful to teacher provide me moral
support due to which I have completed
project .
I am thankful to all my friends to help
me in finding and completing the
project successfully.
 CONTENT

1.INTRODUCTION
2.CONSTRUCTION
3.PRINCIPLE & WORKING
4.CONSTRUCTION OF TRAANSFORMER
5.TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
6. ENERGY LOSS IN TRANSFORMER
7.EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMER
8.CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE
 INTROUCTION

WHAT ARE TRANSFORMER?

• Transformers are electrical devices
used to convert or "transform" AC
voltage from one level to another.
(high to low or low to high).
• Input and output are AC
• They do this by the principle of
electromagnetic induction.
TRANSFORMER
 CONSTRUCTION OF
TRNSFORMER

A transformer consists of 3 basic

components
• Primary Coil or Primary Winding : It
is an electrical wire wrapped
around the core on the input side
• Secondary Coil or Secondary
Winding: It is an electrical wire
wrapped around the core on the
output side
• Core : A ferromagnetic material
that can conduct a magnetic field
through it. Example: Iron
 PRINCIPLE AND WORKING

• When the terminals of the primary coil

are connected to the source of
alternating e.m.f., a current flows
through the primary coil which lags the
applied voltage in phase by π/2.
• Thus, the magnetic flux through the
secondary coil induces an e.m.f. in it.
• The frequency of the induced e.m.f. is
the same as that of the applied e.m.f. in
the primary.
• The amplitude of the e.m.f. induced in
the secondary coil depends on the
following two factors:

• The ratio of the number of turns in the

secondary to the primary coils,
• The amplitude of the e.m.f. applied on
the primary coil.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

 STEP UP TRANSFORMER

• The transformer use to change the

low voltage alternating e.m.f to
high voltage alternating e.m.f is
step up transformer.

• The diagram shows the step up

transformer the number of turns in
the primary coil is less and the wire
of coil is thick , while the number
of turns in the secondary coil is
more and the wire of the coil is
thin.
 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

• The transformer use to change the

high voltage alternating e.m.f to
low voltage alternating e.m.f is
step down transformer
• The diagram shows the step down
transformer the number of turns in
the secondary coil is less and the
wire of coil is thick , while the
number of turns in the primary coil
is more and the wire of the coil is
thin.
 ENERGY LOSS IN
TRANSFORMER

• COPPER LOSS-
• HYSTERESIS LOSS
• IRON LOSS
• LOSS DUE TO LEAKAGE OF
MAGNETIC FLUX
 COPPER LOSS

Some part of energy is imparted to

the primary coil is wasted in the
form of heat in the wire of its coil
this is called copper loss.

To reduce it , the wire of primary

coil in step up transformer is thick
and the wire of secondary coil in
step down transformer is thick
 IRON LOSS

• Some part of energy is waste in the

form of heat due to the formation
of eddy current in the core this is
called iron loss.
• To reduce it , the core is laminated.
 HYSTERESIS LOSS

• Some part of energy is waste in the

form heat in magnetising and
demagnetising the iron core again
and again this is called hysteresis
loss.
• To reduce it , the core is made of
soft iron .
 LOSS DUE TO LEAKAGE OF
MAGNETIC FLUX

• Some part of energy is waste in the

form heat due to the leakage of
magnetic flux.
• To reduce it , the core is taken in
the form of a closed frame.
 EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMER

• The ratio of energy obtained in

secondary coil to the energy
imparted to the primary coil is
called the efficiency of
transformer.

• efficiency of a transformer = ENERGY OBTAINE FROM SECODNARY COIL

• ENERGY GIVEN TO THE PRIMARY
COIL
 CONCLUSION

• We see here the construction

,principle and working of
transformer and types of
transformer.
• Loss of energy in transformer.
• Efficiency of transformer.
 BIBLOGRAPHY

 SHIVLAL PHYSICS 12th

www.wikipiia.com