Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Salvage (principles)
Maritime Property
At Sea
In Peril
Voluntary Service
Successful Service (No cure – No pay)
1
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• AWARD
– ARTICLE 13 (INTERNATIONAL SALVAGE CONV. 1989)
• ONLY IF SALVOR IS SUCCESSFUL
• BASED ON THE EFFORTS & READINESS OF
THE SALVOR AND RISKS TAKEN
• REWARD COMES FROM ALL OF PROPERTY
• CAN NEVER EXCEED SALVED VALUE OF
PROPERTY
3
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
4
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
– WHICH SHIP IS A THREAT TO
ENVIRONMENT ?
– WHICH SHIP IS NOT ?
– AFTER UNSUCCESSFUL SERVICE IF VESSEL
DOES NOT CAUSE POLLUTION ?
– WHO SUFFERS IF POLLUTION OCCURS ?
5
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• SCOPIC
“SPECIAL COMPENSATION P&I CALUSE”
– SUPPLEMENTARY TO LOF AGREEMENT
– INCORPORATES PROVISIONS OF “ART 14”
– IF INCONSISTENT WITH MAIN AGREEMENT,
SCOPIC WILL OVERRIDE IT
– CONTRACTOR (SALVOR) HAS OPTION OF
INV0KING IT
6
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• SCOPIC (CONTINUED)
– IT CAN BE INVOKED, REGARDLESS OF
CIRCUMSTANCES
– ONCE INVOKED, OWNERS OF VESSEL TO
PROVIDE SECURITY OF US$ 3M WITHIN 2
WORKING DAYS.
– SECURITY CAN BE INCREASED OR
DECREASED BY OWNERS & SALVOR ?
7
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• SCOPIC (CONTINUED)
– AWARD AS PER ARTICLE 13
– IF AWARD UNDER ARTICLE 13 EXCEEDS
THE SECURITY, THEN THE EXCESS SHALL
BE DISCOUNTED BY 25%
– IF SALVOR IS UNSUCCESSFUL, EXPENSES +
25% IS CLAIMED UNDER SCOPIC
8
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• SCOPIC (CONTINUED)
– APPENDIX A - EXPENSES
– APPENDIX B - SCR
– APPENDIX C - SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE
– CODE OF PRACTICES EXIST AS FOLLOWS:
• P&I CLUBS AND UNDERWRITERS FOR FEES
• P&I CLUBS AND INTERNATIONAL SALVAGE
UNION
9
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
• SCOPIC (continued)
– SHIPOWNERS CASUALTY REPRESENTATIVE
(SCR)
– SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE
10
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
Article 13 Article 14
LOF 5M 1M
1.3 ~ 2.0 M
Security 3M
SCOPIC 2M (-25%) 1.25M
4.5M
11
TOWAGE
Contracts
UKSTC: UK Standard Towing Conditions
Variations for Deep Sea:
TOWCON: Lump sump payment
TOWHIRE: Daily rate
12
TOWAGE
Two maxims!!!
15
GENERAL AVERAGE
16
GENERAL AVERAGE
17
GENERAL AVERAGE
19
GENERAL AVERAGE
• Values:
A = 5.0
B = 0.5
C = 2.0
D = 1.0
E = 0.75
F = 0.75 (F1 0.25, F2 0.5)
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GENERAL AVERAGE
• Contributions
A = 5.0 / 10.0 x 0.25 = 0.125
B = 0.5 / 10.0 x 0.25 = 0.0125
C = 2.0 /10.0 x 0.25 = 0.05
D = 1.0 / 10.0 x 0.25 = 0.025
E = 0.75 / 10.0 x 0.25 = 0.01875
F = 0.75 / 10.0 x 0.25 = 0.01875
Total = 0.25
The owner of GA property must contribute
21
GENERAL AVERAGE
22
SAFE PORTS
23
PORTS OF REFUGE
Is it a safe port?
Distance
Can we reach there safely and in time
Elements of nature en route
Facilities
Insurers and owners choice!!!!
24
LOF 2000 & SCOPIC
The end
Thank you
25