1

Computer Systems
Lecture Session 1 ESOFT BIT Semester 1 :
Computer Systems 1
1/13/2020
 2

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Overview of Syllabus
Computer Systems 1

• Overview of the computer system

• Data Representation and Arithmetic
• Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic
• Computer Organization and Instruction Set
Architecture (ISA)
• Input and Output
• Storage
• Expansion Cards and System Interfaces
• System Software and Application Software
• Introduction to Networks
• System Maintenance and Troubleshooting
 3

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

What is a Computer ?
 a device that takes in raw
data as input and processes
it and provides information
as the output.
 has the ability to store data
& information.
 4

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Components of a Computer Systems

 hardware (Physical components)
 software
 users
 5

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Physical Organization of a Computer

System
 6

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Functional Organization of a
Computer System
 7

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

categorizations of hardware
 All hardware components in a computer can be
categorized under
 Processor, Memory and Integrating Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Storage Devices
 8

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

• List down at least four hardware

components for each categories
 Processor, Memory and Integrating
Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Storage Devices
 9

Processor, Memory ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

and Integrating Devices Input Devices

Computer Systems 1

• Central Processing • Keyboard

Unit (CPU) • Pointer device
• Motherboard or (Mouse , Track-
Main Board ball)
• Main Memory • Joystick and Game
• Power Supply Pads
• VGA card • Scanner
• Sound card • Microphones, Still
• LAN Card Digital Cameras
• TV Card and Video Cameras
 10

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Output Devices Storage Devices

Computer Systems 1

• Monitor and LCD • Hard drives

Panel • DVD and CD ROM
• Printers • Tape Drives
• Speakers • Flash Disks and
• Plotters Memory Cards
• Floppy Disks
 11

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

March 2007 (1)

 12

Sight ESOFT BIT Semester 1 :

Computer Systems 1
1/13/2020 Brain

Hearing Touch

Taste
Smell
 13

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1
 14

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

• Is there any major difference

between processor and human
brain?
 Yes
 Human brain is capable of
independent and creative thought
and generation of new ideas
 Capable of learning new things
while processor can only follow
instructions given by the
programmer
 15

Processors
ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

Manufacturers of Processor Type

Processors
Intel Pentium, Celeron and
Xeon Processors
Advanced Micro Devices Duron and Athlon
Inc. (AMD) Processors
Centaur Technologies Cyrix Processors
Sun Micro Systems SPARC Chips
IBM PowerPC
Motorola Motorola 6800
 16

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Memory
• 2 Types
▫ Random Access Memory
(RAM)
▫ Read Only Memory (ROM)
 17

Random Access Memory

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

(RAM)
• Temporarily Store data
• Read from and written into
• Volatile memory

Why RAM?
• Access to RAM is very Faster than permanent
storage device
• Hence, it is inefficient to read and write to
permanent storage
• During Processing it is important to store program
and data in a temporary storage location
 18

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Read Only Memory (ROM)

• Memory which can only
be read from.
• Non-Volatile
• Most Common ROM:
BIOS (Basic Input Output
System)
 19

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

CMOS (Complementary Metal

Oxide Semiconductor)
Volatile or Non-Volatile???
• volatile memory
• It requires power from a battery to retain the data once the
computer is turned off.
 20

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

How do you interact with the

Computer?

Using Input and Output Devices

 21

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Input Devices
Computer Systems 1

• Any device that can feed data or information to a

computer
• helps the user to provide commands to the processor
• processor to receive data and information from its
environment.
 22

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Input Devices
1. Which devices user use to input data?
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Trackball
 Joystick

2. Which devices help the processor to

receive data from its environment?
 Microphone
 Scanner
 Digital Camera
 23

Output Devices
ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

• Any devices used to output information from a computer

is known as an output device
• Used to output information to the user
• All information outputted by the processor can be seen,
heard or felt
 24

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Output Devices
• Monitor/LCD panel/Projectors : Display
information
• Speakers : provide audible output
• Feedback joystick : provide output can be felt by
the user
 25

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Touch Screen display and feed back

joystick

Output Devices or Input Device?

 26

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

March 2007 (2)

March 2007 (17)

March 2007 (18)

 27

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Why Storage
Devices?
 28

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

• ROM : Less Capacity

• RAM : volatile

Permanently
Need a device to store data
More Capacity

Storage Devices
 29

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Punch cards
 30

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Magnetic tape

Disadvantage
Sequential Access
 31

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Hard disk Floppy disk

Data stored and accessed randomly

 32

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

What is the Difference between

hard disk and floppy disk?

Hard Disk Floppy Disk

Fixed disk located inside the Portable

computer
High Capacity Limited Capacity
 33

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

ZIP disk

Store over
100
megabytes
 34

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

CD & DVD
Computer Systems 1

data not affected by

magnetic fields

easier to transport

cost effective to
produce
DVD ROM
4.2 gigabytes Blu-ray (blue laser)
27 gigabytes.

CD ROM 700 megabytes

 35

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Compact-Flash XD picture-card flash-drive (pen drive)

New devices
smaller
&
Sony Memory stick
portable SD card
 36

Expansion cards and other components

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

processor, Memory,
Input/Output
devices and storage
devices need to be
integrated
together to
function.

These components
have to be placed
on a board called
the Mainboard
or the
Motherboard.
 37

Expansion cards and other components

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

Cards
additional circuit boards required to integrate additional
devices if they are already not embedded into the
motherboard
plugged into expansion slots available on
the motherboard.

USB card

Ethernet card

Video Graphics Adapter card Sound card

TV card Data-Fax Modem card FireWire card

 38

Expansion cards and other components

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

motherboard connect other input, output and storage devices

additional cables that are required to
connect devices

Hard disk and floppy video cable

drive ribbon cables

USB
cables printer cable

FireWire
CD/DVD drive cables
analog audio
cable
 39

Expansion cards and other components

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

Technologies to connect computers to external devices

PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant)

mobile phones
Laptops

Technologies create a direct connection between the computer and the

external device

Blue-tooth (wireless) IrDA (infrared) Wi-Fi (wireless).

 40

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Chassis
Computer Systems 1

Consist of space for the motherboard, power

supply, input/output connectors, expansion
cards, expansion bays, switches and wires to
connect them to the motherboard and indicator
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

usually made from steel, aluminum and/or

plastic

come in various sizes defined using form

factors Ex: ATX, tower, flatbed
 41

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

ATX tower casing

• motherboard is screwed on to the
right side panel of the chassis
• the input/output connectors of the
main protrude from the rear.
• The expansion slots are on the
bottom right side of the rear.
• The power supply is located on the
top left side of the rear
 42

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Form factors

Standard in motherboards

implies the dimensions

where the screw holes, CPU, RAM,
input/output connectors,
expansion slots are located
and the type of power connectors
 43

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

tower chassis
mini-tower mid-sized tower full-size tower

tower is taller and

much more spacious
 44

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

flatbed chassis Computer Systems 1

desktop

slim desktop

flatbeds are more

compact and saves
occupying space
 45

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Drive bays
Computer Systems 1

a part of the chassis which is used to

house drives such as the hard disk,
CD/DVD Drives and floppy drives.

The drive bays come in two

standard sizes according
to their width.

They are:
• 3 inch bay - house the hard disk and
the floppy drives usually.
• 5 inch bay - house the CD/DVD drives

The drives housed in these drive bays are held in place using screws.
The drives are connected to the motherboard via data cables
power is supplied through the power connectors of the power supply.
 46

Power supply
ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1

Supplies power required by the computer system

110 or 230 volts

power supply

voltages ranging
from -12 to +12
Sri Lanka it is 230 volts

If you select the wrong voltage it

could cause permanent damage to
your computer.
 47

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

power cable
Connects the power to the power supply

The power required by the devices is supplied through the power connectors of
the power supply.

The power connectors come in different shapes and sizes.

They also supply different voltages.

To avoid the incorrect connection of the

power connectors to the devices they
usually have special shapes or keys.

Mini plug
provides power to the floppy drive
Molex power connector
Provides power to hard drives, CD/DVD
drives and SCSI (Small Computer System
Interface) drives
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment) power connector - provides
power to the SATA hard drive
48
ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020
Computer Systems 1
Motherboard power connector
defer according to the form factor of
the motherboard
primary task is to provide power to
the mother board
12V ATX power connector
provide additional power to the
P IV processor.
plugged into the motherboard
 49

ESOFT BIT Semester 1 : 1/13/2020

Computer Systems 1

Buttons and indicators

power button and reset button are located

on the front panel of the chassis
The LEDs that indicate the power and the
hard disk operation are located on the
front panel of the
chassis.

Most chassis come with a speaker.

All components are connected the

motherboard via a set of wires.
 50

Any Question?
Thank you ESOFT BIT Semester 1 :
Computer Systems 1
1/13/2020