Assignment on Business Data

Network
 Name of the Participants:
 Sh. Mukesh Kr.
 Sh. Vijya Kr.
 Mrs. Mamta
 Sh. Ganga Kr.
 Sh. Ranjeet Singh

 PGDM (FM) 2019-21

 Date: 8.1.2020
 Introduction
An Electronic ticket (commonly abbreviated
as e-ticket) is a digital ticket. The term is
most commonly associated with railway issued
tickets. Electronic ticketing for urban or rail
public transport is usually referred to as travel
card or transit pass. It is also used in ticketing
in the entertainment industry.
An electronic ticket system is a more
efficient method of ticket entry, processing and
marketing for companies in the railways, flight
and other transport and entertainment
industries.

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 Advantage of E-ticketing
 E-Ticketing is basically made for providing the customer an
anytime and anywhere service for booking tickets. It
provides all the information and makes the customer to
select their option sitting in respective houses without
moving.
 E-Ticketing also provides the choices in selecting the
method to pay like Net Banking, Credit Cards, Debit Cards
 E-Ticketing ensures the safe method of paying. It gives high
security to your card number, pin numbers and transactions.
The principal advantage of e-ticketing is the fact that it
reduces booking expense by eliminating the need for printing
and mailing paper documents. Another advantage is that it
eliminates the possibility of critical documents getting lost in
the mail or being sent to the wrong address. Need to visit the
Ticketing Counter or creation of physical infrastructure for
such facilities is eliminated.
 Advantage of E-ticketing
• The System provides an online interface to
the user where they can fill in their personal
details and submit the necessary documents
(may be by scanning).
• The authority concerned with the issue of
railway can use this system to reduce his
workload and process the application in a
speedy manner.
• Passenger will come to know their status of
application and the date in which they must
subject themselves for manual document
verification.
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 System Requirements
 SOFTWARE INTERFACE
 Front End Client - The passenger and System
online interface is built using JSP and HTML.
 The Administrators’ local interface is built using
Java.
 Web Server – Apache Tomcat Server (Oracle
Corporation)
 Back End - Oracle 11g database
 HARDWARE INTERFACE
 The server is directly connected to the client
systems. The client systems have access to the
database in the server.
 System Function
 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 Secure Registration of information by the Passengers.
 System can generate reports from the information and
is the only authorized personnel to add the eligible
application information to the database.
 Display the requested pages to the user.
 USER CHARACTERISTICS
 Passenger - They are the people who desire to obtain
the ticket and submit the
 information to the database.
 System Function
 CONSTRAINTS
 The passengers require a computer to
submit their information.
 Although the security is given high
importance, there is always a chance of
intrusion in the web world which requires
constant monitoring.
 The user has to be careful while submitting
the information.
 The passengers may be required to scan
the documents and send.
 Functionality
 The customer has to enter their details, date of
journey, train no.,flight no. , source and destination
etc.
 Ticket fees can be paid through online: Net
banking, Credit Card, Debit Card, E-wallet (Paytm,
Phonepe)
 An unique number (PNR No.) is generated which
is stored in RDBMS to access, query on the
ticket in future easily by the passenger and the
authorities concerned.
 Customers are required to enter their details
Voter Card or, Aadhar Card or PAN Card No.
and address to verify the customers.

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 Role of RDBMS - Oracle
 Database is an organized collection of data. The data
is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a
way that supports processes requiring information. A
DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read,
update and delete data in a database.
 The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between
the database and end users or application programs,
ensuring that data is consistently organized and
remains easily accessible.
 The DBMS manages three important things: the data,
the database engine that allows data to be accessed,
locked and modified and the database schema, which
defines the database’s logical structure.

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 Role of RDBMS
 These three foundational elements help provide
concurrency, security, data integrity and uniform
administration procedures.

 The DBMS can offer both logical and physical data

independence. That means it can protect users
and applications from needing to know where
data is stored or having to be concerned about
changes to the physical structure of data.
 Convenient and efficient way to store and
retrieve database information.
 Interface between database and application
program.
 PRS APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
IRCTC
Indian Rail
Internet
website
Booking
System

139
TOUCH SCREEN
Firew
all
Charting Enquiry
WEB
Internet Client Server
Reservation

FRONT-END SYSTEMS
CONCERT Interconnect Network
BACK-END SYSTEMS

DELHI DATA CENTRE

CHENNAI DATA CENTRE

STORAGE

FRONTEND BACKEND
SERVERS SERVERS
MUMBAI DATA CENTRE KOLKATA DATA CENTRE

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Booking Flow
Fill forms

Validate

Travel ID generation

Fare Calculation

Start Transaction
Allocation
Travel ID update

Commit

Display Details
Seat /berth
Fare

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DBMS Architecture
DBMS Characteristics
◦ Multiple Views (Data Abstraction)
◦ Isolation of data and application (Program
data independency)

Logical Data
Independence

Physical Data
Independence
DBMS Characteristics Cont.
◦ Relation-based tables
◦ Less Redundancy
 Normalization of data.
◦ Consistency
 Database transaction changes affected data only in
allowed ways.
◦ Query language
◦ Transaction Management
◦ Multiuser and concurrent access.
◦ Recovery System
◦ Security
How RDBMS can serve PRS its needs
 Structured Data
◦ High Degree of organization
◦ Readily searchable by simple SQL engines on key
value.
 Programming language support.
◦ ODBC(Open Database Connectivity)
◦ JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)
 SQL (Structured Query Language)
◦ PRS generates several type of MIS reports each one
having its own program.
◦ SQL allows to query database for the conditions
specified.
◦ No need for separate schedule creation.
◦ Reduced development cost.
How RDBMS can serve PRS its needs
 Transaction Management
◦ Transaction must satisfy ACID properties.

Database Transaction Management

 Structure of table
 What data is needed?  PASSENGER:
 List of Entities:  Passenger ID
 BUS / Train / Flight No.  Username
 PASSENGER  Password
 ROUTE  Name
 RESERVE  Mobile number AND E-mail
 List of attributes:  PAN /AADHAR/ VOTER CARD No.
 BUS / Train / Flight No.  Constraints: Username should be
 Class (I OR II) unique
 Fare  RESERVE:
 Departure Time  Ticket ID
 Arrival Time  Seat
 ROUTE:  Time Stamp
 Route id  Passenger ID
 Origin  Bus ID
 Destination  Date

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 Some Promising RDBMSs
Maintaine First Latest Latest License
r Public Stable Release
Release Version Date
Date

Oracle Oracle 11-1979 12cRelease 25-06-2013 Proprietary

Corporatio 1
n
MySQL Oracle 11-1995 5.6.26 24-07-2015 GPL v2 or
Corporatio Proprietary
n
MemSQL MemSQL 06-2012 1.8 12-2012 Proprietary
SQLServer Microsoft 1989 2014 18-03-2014 Proprietary
Postgre PostgreSQL 06-1989 9.4.3 04-06-2015 PostgreSQL
SQL Global License
Developmn
et Group

DB2 IBM 1983 10.5 23-04-2013

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Systems
 Oracle
 Oracle is the most popular one of all
the large-scale database servers
 Feature rich
 Stand-alone database server
 Powers a lot of web-sites and
applications online.

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 Comparison between sql and nosql
S.No RDBMS Nosql
1 Table based Document based, key-value pairs, graph
databases
2 Predefined schema Dynamic schema for unstructured data

3 Vertically scalable Horizontally scalable

4 Structured query language Unstructured Query Language

5 We can classify SQL databases NoSQL databases can be classified on the

as either open-source or close- basis of way of storing data as graph
sourced from commercial databases, key-value store databases,
vendors. document store databases, column store
database and XML databases.
6 Not best fit for hierarchical Fits better for the hierarchical data
data storage storage
7 Excellent support are available Rely on community support

8 Emphasizes on ACID Emphasizes CAP theorem

properties
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Exampe- MySql, Oracle, Sqlite, Example-MongoDB, BigTable, Redis,
Comparison between three
Database strategy

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