Académique Documents
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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF
DIFFERENCE
ETYMOLOGY
• Soul is the spiritual part while spirit is the inspiration
breathe of life.
BIBLICAL BELIEFS
Soul is our conscious; our
conscience.Hence,spirit is the part of
Holy Trinity.
WESTERN CULTURE
Soul is considered as moral consciousness while spirit are
ghost or supernatural.
EASTERN CULTURE
Soul is known as 'Dharma' ( Hinduism)
TAOISM - nature and ancestors spirits
CONFUCIANISM - Existence of animistic
spirits, deities and etc.
THE SOUL TO SOME
ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS
ETHNIC GROUP NAME OF THE SOUL
ISNEG KADUWA
KANKANAEY AB-ABIIK
TAGALOG KALULUWA
'KARARUA, KARKAMA,
ANIWAAS,ARARIA'- ILOKANO
KARKARMA- it can leave a physical body. It also stands for natural vigor, mind and
reason.
MANGAGAGGAKO
-ritual for the soul to return in the body.
'HANUNOO MANGYAN'- MINDORO
'GIMUKOD'- BUKIDNON
The Gimukod has two types. The Right hand is the good
soul. And left hand is the bad soul.
TRIVIA!
Bukidnon has 'Makatu and Pipitu'. Makatu
already exist before a child's birth but it is
seperated from the body. The Makatu is
breathed into man by Miyaw-Biyaw.
'PIPITU HA MAKATU' has seven souls.
• Awake in night.
• Awake in day
• Jumps off the cliff
• Put hands in snake holes
• Sit under the tree
• Always walking around.
• Swims in the water
WHERE DOES RITUAL ORIGINATE?
GENERAL APPROACHES TO THEORIES ABOUT NATURE OF
RITUAL:
ORIGIN APPROACH - was believed to be found in totemic and
totemism (animal symbolic clan and cults)
Sacrificial
Life Crisis
IMITATIVE
It is patterned after
myths ; ritual repeats.
NEGATIVE RITUAL
The word taboo has
been applied to
those rituals that
concern something
should be avoided
because it is
forbidden.
SACRIFICIAL RITUALS
VALUES, TRAITS,
COMMUNITY AND
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY; VALUES, TRAITS,
COMMUNITY, AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
Filipino culture is a mix of both eastern and western cultures. The
beliefs and traditions of pre-colonial Philippines were mainly and
indigenous Malay heritage. Malay made a large contribution to
Philippines history. The Malay temperament is a basic factor of a
Filipino personality. It can be describe as “being nice and pleasant to
other”
When the Spaniards colonized the islands, the Hispanic culture
influenced the natives. Christianity became the dominant religion,
and a western-based social and political organization was
established in the Philippines.
Americans shaped the modern Filipino culture, and this is primarily
manifested by the widespread use of English language in the
Philippines today.
• Strength and Weaknesses of the Filipino character
are rooted in factors, such as:
- Open outside but Side-open or Close inside (it's OK and Best to RECEIVED
more than to Share)
•6. Kanya-kanya
syndrome
Self-serving attitude that generates feeling of envy and
competitiveness towards others (status vs prestige).
- Personal ambition but insensitive to common good
(people & own country)
- Crab mentality (Hilahan and Inggitan System)
- Lack of appreciation resulting unhealthy competition
•7. Lack of Self-analysis
and self- reflection
Superficial and flighty or dreamy
ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRATIC CULTURE
Democracy- is a government in which the supreme power is vested in and
exercised by the people directly and indirectly through a system of
presentation, usually involving periodically held free election. Although
democracy has several flaws, it also uniquely possesses a number of features
that most people, whatever their basic political beliefs would consider
desirable.
Formal- refers to a system of ideals and models that are officially established.
Informal- refers to the acceptance of behaviours and thoughts that are not
established as the formal ways interpersonal relationship.
*Culture- is an informal way of shaping collective awareness.
Democracy also cannot be sustained if political attitudes and political culture
of responsibility for society concerned about human rights and human
development, are important in establishing a democratic culture.
THE DIGITAL SELF
-The feeling of an inner self and an outer self generated the impulse to reveal
oneself to others in a believable manner.
• Sincerity- refers to the exposure in public of what one feels privately.
• Authenticity- person is one who takes action based on some internal
standard and takes responsibility for this freely chosen action.
• The social world of a western-influenced society, like the Philippines,
typically consist of three domains:
• *Family
• *School, and
• *Neighborhood
• According to (Rosenberg, 1986). People in this social domains exert
different impacts on the formation of self, depending on the stage of
development of the child.
• The emergence of the Internet, however, adds a fourth domain, the
online life to the social world. The online life has definitely altered the
dynamics of self-identity, especially for adolescents.
I, ME, MYSELF, AND MY
USER ID ONLINE IDENTITY
What is Digital Self?
DIGITAL SELF – is the self that is constructed online also known as the persona
you use when you’re online. Some people maintain one or more online identifies
that are distinct from their “real world” selves; others have a single online self
that’s more or less the same as the one they inhabit in the real world.
Analyses of the experiences of online users (especially teenagers) have
shown that the characteristics of the digital self are (Zhao, 2005) :
A study found that students and non students between 18 to 39 years old
were more likely to disclose their interest online rather than their beliefs and
feelings. (Attrill & Jalil, 2011).
BASIC KINDS OF PEOPLE YOU INTERACT
WITH ONLINE ARE:
1. People you don’t know at all;
2. People you know both online and offline; and
3. People you know only online.
SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION AND
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT.