Born: June 19, 1861

Calamba, Laguna, Spanish Philippines

Died: December 30, 1896 (aged 35)
Bagumbayan, Manila, Spanish Philippines
Cause of death: Execution by firing squad
Other names: Pepe, Jose (nicknames)
Paciano: Jose Protacio Rizal (Mercado, Alonzo,
Realonda)
Organizations: La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina
Spouse: Josephine Bracken
Parents: Francisco Mercado Rizal
Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)
 EDUCATION:
CLAMBA:
First Teacher: Mother
Alphabet: 3 Read and Write: 5
BIÑAN:
Justiniano Aquino Cruz
MANILA:
Early Education: Ateneo Municipal De Manila
College: Universidad de Sto. Tomas
University: Universidad Central de Madrid
 LOVELIFE
1. Segunda Katigbak- First Love
(Philippines)
2. Leonor Rivera- Great Love
(Philippines)
3. Josephine Bracken- True Love (Hong-
Kong)
4. Consuelo Ortigaz Y Perez- (Madrid)
Daughter of former Manila mayor
5. O-Se-San- Japanese (ideal woman)
6. Gertrude Beckett- Eldest of Becketts
(London)
7. Petite Jacoby- Belgium
 LOVELIFE

Josephine Bracken- True

Love
Meeting Place: Hong-Kong
Married: Talisay, Dapitan
Son: Francisco
 DAYS AT UST

1. The Dominican Friars

were hostile to him
2. Filipino students were
discriminated by the
Spaniards
3. Method of Instruction
was Obsolete
SPAIN (1882-1885)
MISSION: Observe life, culture and
government in Europe to liberate the
Filipino People
May 3, 1882- Left for Singapore in
steamer Salvadora
May 11, 1882- Left for Europe-
Djemnah
Sues Canal- Ferdinand de Lesseps-
Five days
Naples and Marseilles- Chateau d’lf-
Count of Monte Cristo- Alexander
Dumas: Rizal’s favorite book
SPAIN (1882-1885)
Barcelona: Amor Patrio (Love of
country)- Essay
Published in Diaryong Tagalog under the
pen name “Laong-Laan (Ever Fready)
Madrid: November 3, 1882 (Universidad
central de Madrid)- Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters
Me Piden Verses (They ask me for
Verses) Circulo
 SPAIN (1882-1885)
Master Mason: February 15, 1892
Science, Virtue and Labor (“The duty of the modern man,
is to work for the redemption of the Humanity”)
Financial Worries: No breakfast, June 24, 1884- won gold
medal in contest in Greek Language
Salute to Luna and Hidalgo: Free dinner (Luna: Spolarium,
Hidalgo: Christian Virgins exposed to the Populace)
“Genius knows no country, genius sprouts everywhere,
genius is like light, air, the patrimony of everybody,
cosmopolitan like space, like life, like God”
 PARIS (1883)
Riots: Dr. Miguel Morayta-
Excommunicated with his speech
“freedom of science and teacher” Viva
Morayta, down with Bishops

Graduated: June 19, 1885 (24th Bday)

Rating: Sobresaliente (excellent)
Degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and
Letters
Degree of Licentiate in Medicine
*Full fledged Professor and Physician
PARIS (1883/1885)
Summer vacation (June 17-August 20,
1883)
To acquire more knowledge in
Ophthalmology
Assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert
HEIDELBERG (Germany) (1885-1887)
Dr. Otto Becker- University of
Heidelberg
A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the
flowers of Heidelberg)- Favorite flower.
Light blue- Forget me not
“Go to my native land, go foreign
flowers.
Sown by the traveler on his way,
And there, beneath its azure sky, where
all my affections lie”
Visited Wilhemsfeld (near Heidelberg)
Met Dr. Karl Ullmer, Protestant pastor
HEIDELBERG (Germany) (1885-1887)
July 31, 1886
Wrote his first letter to Professor
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of the
Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria
-Gave the book Aritmetica by Rufino
Baltazar Hernandez

August 6, 1886- Fifth Century of

University of Heidelberg
(Germany) (1885-1887)
LEIPZEG
Friended Professor Friedrich Ratzel
(Historian) and Dr. Hans Meyer
(anthropologist)
Translated Shillers “William Tell”-
Champion of Swiss independence
Hans Christian Andersen’s “Fairy
Tales” – for his nephews
DRESDEN
Dr. Adolph Meyer- Director of
Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum
BERLIN (Capital- Germany) (1885-1887)

Dr. Feodor Jagor- German Scientist-

traveler (Author of Travels in the
Philippines)
-Introduced Rizal to Dr. Rudolf Virchow
German Anthropologist
Became the first Asian member of the
Ethnological Society, and the
Geographical Society of Berlin
BERLIN (Capital- Germany) (1885-1887)

Reasons of stay:
1. Gain further knowledge of
ophthalmology
2. Further his study of sciences and
language
3. Observe the economic and political
conditions of the German nation
4. Associate with famous German
scientists and scholars
5. Publish the Noli
NOLI MI TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN
(1887)
1886 Winter: Memorable time in Rizal’s
life
1. He was hungry, sick and despondent
in a strange city
2. Printing of the Noli, March 1887
Writing of the Noli:
Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Started and finished half: Madrid
Last fourth: Germany
Finished: Wilhemsfield (June 1886)
NOLI MI TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN
(1887)
Dr. Maximo Viola- savior of the Noli
Elias and Salome- Deleted chapter
March 21, 1887- first printed copy

St. John 20:13-17 (St. Luke)

Dedicated to: The suffering of the
Filipino people
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Crisostomo Ibarra
Filipino-Spanish
Only son to Don Rafael Ibarra.
Spent seven years studying in
Europe.

MariaClara
Ibarra’s girlfriend
Daughter of Capitan Tiago and Doña
Pia Alba.
Grew under Tia Isabel, Capitan
Tiago's cousin.
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Padre Damaso
Former curate of the parish church of
San Diego.
Friends with the Ibarra family
Snobbish, ruthless and judgemental
extrovert.

Padre Salvi
New curate of the parish of San
Diego
Raped Maria Clara
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
KapitanTiago
Only son of a wealthy trader
in Malabon.
A gobernadorcillo and father to maria
Clara

PilosopoTasyo/ Don Anastacio,

Imbecile Tacio (or Tasyong Sintu-
sinto) or Lunatic Tacio
(TasyongBaliw).

Elias
Servant to Ibarra clan.
Ibarra’s savior
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Doña Victorina
The one who pretended to be a
meztisa Married Don Tiburcio. Rival
to DonyaConsolacion.

Sisa/Narcisa
Married to Pedro
Mother of Basilio and Crispín.

Doña Consolacíon
Doña Consolacíon, la musa de los
guardias civiles y esposa del
Alférez once a laundry woman who
worked for the town Alferez.
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Padre Hernando de la Sibyla
Dominican friar.
Short and has fair skin.
Instructed by an old priest in his order
to watch Crisóstomo Ibarra.

El Alferez (Alperes)
Unnamed chief of the Guardia Civil
Husband of Doña Consolación
The sworn enemy of the priests in the
town's power struggle.
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña
Spanish quack doctor
Submissive to his pretentious wife,
Doña Victorina.

Teniente Guevara - a close friend of

Don Rafael Ibarra. He reveals to
Crisostomo how Don Rafael Ibarra's
death came about.
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Alfonso Linares
Distant nephew of Tiburcio de
Espadaña
Would-be fiancé of María Clara.
Presented himself as a practitioner of
law, it was later revealed that he is,
like Don Tiburcio, a fraud.

Governor-General (Gobernador-
Heneral)
Harbours great disdain for the friars
and corrupt officials, and sympathizes
with Ibarra.
NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Don Filipo Lino
Vice mayor of the town of San Diego,
leader of the liberals.

Padre Manuel Martín

Linguist curate of a nearby town who
delivers the sermon during San
Diego's fiesta.
 NOLI MI TANGERE CHARACTERS
Don Rafael Ibarra
Deceased father of Crisostomo Ibarra. The most
virtuous, generous and richest man in San Diego.

Doña Pía Alba – wife of Capitán Tiago and mother of

María Clara, she had died giving birth to her daughter.
Raped by Padre Dámaso.

Don Pedro Eibarramendia - Crisóstomo

Ibarra's Basque great-grandfather
Accused Elias's grandfather and ruined his family. The
surname was later shortened to Ibarra, hence Elias
does not realize the relationship at first.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•Crisostomo Magsalin Ibarra returns to the Philippines
after a seven-year study abroad.
•Don Santiago de los Santos,"Captain Tiago",throws a
reunion party,
•Padre Damaso Vardolagas, the former curate of San
Diego, belittled and slandered Ibarra.
•The next day, Ibarra visits his betrothed María Clara in
Binondo.
•Lieutenant Guevara, reveals to him the incidents
preceding the death of his father, Don Rafael Ibarra.
•Rafael discovered the abuses and corruption
committed by the friars. Stopped attending church and
was called heretic by Damaso.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)

•Fr. Dámaso's was angry over Don Rafael when he

helped stop a fight between a tax collector and a child,
with the former's accidental death being blamed on him.
•Rafael was imprisoned died of an illness in jail.
•Rafael's remains, were ordered by Dámaso to be
exhumed and transferred to the Chinese cemetery,
•The caretakers threw the remains in the lake
•Ibarra put up a school and during the inauguration,
Ibarra was saved by Elías — a mysterious man who
had warned Ibarra earlier of a plot to assassinate him.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•Ibarra hosted a luncheon wherein Dámaso attended
despite not being invited.
•The friar again insulted Ibarra and slandered the
memory of his dead father
•Ibarra picks up a knife and lunged at Dámaso, holding
the knife to his neck.
•Ibarra tells everyone the truth about the friar's evil acts
and prepares to stab him to death
•Maria Clara to stop him out of mercy.
•Ibarra was excommunicated for assaulting a cleric
• Damaso persuades Tiago to forbid his daughter from
marrying Ibarra. The friar wanted María Clara to marry
Alfonso Linares de Espadaña
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•Ibarra's excommunication was lifted by Archbishop of
Manila with the help of the Governor General.
• A revolt happened, and both Spanish colonial officials
and friars implicated Ibarra as its mastermind.
•He was arrested and detained.
•Meanwhile, in Capitan Tiago's residence, a party was
being held to announce the upcoming wedding of Maria
Clara and Linares.
•Ibarra, with the help of Elias and the Governor-
General, escaped from prison.
•Before leaving, Ibarra spoke to María Clara and
accused her of betraying him.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•She was forced to surrender Ibarra's letter to Father
Salví, in exchange for the letters written by her mother,
Doña Pia.
•The letter states that Damaso is Maria Clara's real
father.
•Maria Clara, thought Ibarra had been killed in the
shooting incident.
•She asked Damaso to confine her to a nunnery.
•She demanded Damaso, “the nunnery or death!”
•Ibarra was still alive and able to escape. It was Elias
who had taken the shots.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•On Christmas Eve, a fatally injured Elías awakens in a
forested land owned by Ibarra's family, where he had
instructed Ibarra to meet him.
•Elías found the altar boy Basilio cradling his already-
dead mother, Sisa. The woman descended to madness
after learning that Basilio and her other son, Crispín,
were chased out of the convento by
the sacristan mayor on suspicions of stealing two gold
pieces.
•Elías instructs Basilio to build a funeral
pyre and cremate his and Sisa's corpses.
•He tells Basilio that, if nobody reaches the place, he
was to return later and dig some of Ibarra's treasures
and gold buried in a concealed spot near their graves
then use them to get education.
 NOLI MI TANGERE (SYNOPSIS)
•“I shall die without seeing the dawn break upon my
homeland. You, who shall see it, salute it! Do not forget
those who have fallen during the night.”
Elias died thereafter.
EPILOGUE:
Tiago became addicted to opium.
María Clara became a nun and Salví raped her.
One stormy evening, Maria Clara was seen on the roof
of the nunnery, crying and cursing the heavens for the
fate it had handed her.
GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
Received Paciano’s P 1,000
Paid Viola P 300

1:30 p.m, May 13, 1887

Met Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt

Vienna: Queen of Danube

RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
WARNING:
Paciano
Silvestre Ubaldo
Chengoy

REASONS:
1. Operate his mother’s
eyes
2. Serve his people
3. Find out how Noli affects
Filipino’s and Spaniards
4. Inquire on Leonor Rivera
RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
Djemnah: July 3, 1887
Haiphong: August 2, 1887 (Bound to
Manila)
August 5, 1887- Haiphong arrived in
Manila
August 8, 1887- Returned to Calamba
Called Dr. Uliman- Dr. from Germany
Opened a gymnasium for young boys
RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
Invited by Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero to
explain the Noli
Given aq bodyguard: Lt. Don Jose
Taviel de Andrade
Permanent Commission on
Censorship- Noli is subversive aginst
Spain and the Church
Noli was banned
Fr. Jose Rodriguez- 8 pamhplets
“Cuestiones de Sumo Interes”
Rev. Vicente Garcia defended Noli
The Gov. Gen. advised Rizal to leave
Rizal wrote Himno Al Trabajo for the
cityhood of Lipa
IN HONG KONG, MACAU AND JAPAN
Zafiro- Ship that brought him to Hong
Kong
Oceanic- Ship to Japan
Hated Rickshaw in japan
Had a romance with O-Se-San
UNITED STATES (1888)
April 28, 1888
Visited San Franciso, Oakland, Utah,
and New York

Impressions:
1. Progressive
2. Energetic people
3. Naturally beautiful
4. High standard of living
5. Opportunities for Immigrants

“America is the land par excellence of

freedom, but only for the whites"
LONDON (1888-1889)
May 1888-March 1889
REASONS:
1. Improve his English
2. Study Morga’s Sucesos de las islas
Filipinas
3. London is safe

La Solidaridad- February 15, 1889 by

Graciano Lopez Jaena
and Marcelo Del Pilar
Los Agricultores Filipinos- first article
for La Soli
 PARIS/ UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION 1889
Joined but did not win
Founded Kidlat Club- To bring together young Filipino’s in
Paris
Founded Indios Bravos- Proud Indios
RDLM- Redemption de Los Malayos
-Propagation of knowledge in the Philippines
1890- Printed his annotations to Morga’s Sucesos
The Philippines within a Century- Views on the Spanish
Colonization of the Philippines (Spain will lose in Asia)
The Indolence of the Filipino- Filipino’s are not by nature
Indolent
International Association for Filipinologist- Association for the
study of Philippines in historical and scientific point of view
President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt
BELGIAN BRUSSELS 1890
Started writing El Felibusterismo
Sobre la Nueva Ortografia De La lengua
tagala (New Ortography of the Tagalog
Language)- Spanish :Salacot- Tagalog-
Salakot Spanish: Arao- Tagalog: Araw
Written To my Muse (A mi Musa)
Had a romance with Petite Jacoby
BELGIAN BRUSSELS 1890
Started writing El Felibusterismo
Sobre la Nueva Ortografia De La
lengua tagala (New Ortography of
the Tagalog Language)- Spanish
:Salacot- Tagalog- Salakot Spanish:
Arao- Tagalog: Araw
Written To my Muse (A mi Musa)
Had a romance with Petite Jacoby
MADRID MISFORUNES (1890-1891)
Leonor married someone else
He lost his family’s case
January 1891- Retired from La
Solidaridad
GHENT , BELGIUM (1891)
Started printing the El Felibusterismo
Dedicated to GomBurZa
Valentin Venture- Savior of the Fili
September 18, 1891- Fili came off the
press
SYNOPSIS OF THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Simoun (a jeweler), came to the
Philippines from Cuba
Friend to the Governor General
Came back to the Philipines to:
1. Rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery
2. Plot a revolution against Spain

The novel starts with the Bapor Tabo

sailing the Pasig from Manila to
Laguna
Simoun smuggles arms to manila with the
help of the Chinese Quiroga
SYNOPSIS OF THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
On the wedding of Paulita Gomez,
Simoun’s gift, a lamp will explode, and it
will be the start of the revolution.
Basilio saw Isagani near the house and
warns him.
Isagani, rushes to the house, hurls the
lamp and it exploded in the river.
The Spaniards found about the revolution,
and went after Simoun who fled to Padre
Florentino’s house.
Simoun died there and Parde forentino
throws his treasure to the sea.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Simoun - Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise. Has resurfaced
as the wealthy jeweler, bearded, in blue-tinted glasses,
and a revolver.
Basilio - Son of Sisa. Became a beggar until Captain
Tiago hired him as a houseboy in exchange for sending
him to school. He is graduating as a medical student
who discovered Simoun's true identity and befriended
him. His girlfriend is Juli.
Isagani - Basilio's friend and one of the students who
planned to set up a new school. His girlfriend was the
rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez, but they broke up.He
sabotaged Simoun's plans by removing the lamp that
contained explosives and threw it in the waters.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Kabesang Tales - Former cabeza de barangay of
Sagpang, a barangay in San Diego's neighboring town
Tiani. He resurfaced as the feared Luzon Matanglawin.
Son of Tandang Selo, father of Juli and Tano.
Don Custodio - Famous "journalist" who was asked by
the students about his decision for the Academia de
Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who
married a rich woman in order to be a member of
Manila's high society.
Paulita Gómez - The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece
of Doña Victorina Married Juanito Peláez and dumping
Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she
marries him.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Macaraig - One of Isagani's classmates at the
University of Santo Tomas. He is a rich student and
serves as the leader of the students yearning to build the
Academia de Castellano.
Father Florentino - Isagani's godfather, and a secular
priest; was engaged to be married, but chose to be a
priest after being pressured by his mother, the story
hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses
an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near
the sea. Florentino also harbors great hatred for the
corrupt Spanish friars. He offered shelter to Don Tiburcio
de Espandaña when the latter was hiding from his wife,
Donya Victorina.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Huli - Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the
youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. She committed
suicide after Father Camorra attempted to rape her.
Juanito Pelaez - A favorite student of the professors.
They belong to the noble Spanish ancestry. After failing
in his grades, he became Paulita's new boyfriend and
they eventually wed.
Doña Matutinay - Aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors
Juanito Pelaez over Isagani. She is searching for her
husband, who has left her and is in hiding. Although of
Indio heritage, she considers herself as one of
the Peninsular.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Father Camorra - The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San
Diego's adjacent town who has longtime desires for
young women. He nearly raped Juli causing the latter to
commit suicide.
Ben-Zayb - The pseudonym of Abraham Ibañez, a
journalist who believes he is the "only" one thinking in
the Philippines.
Placido Penitente - A student of the University of Santo
Tomas who was very intelligent and wise but did not
want, if not only by his mother's plea, to pursue his
studies. He also controls his temper against Padre
Millon, his physics teacher. During his High School days,
he was an honor student hailing from Batangas.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Hermana Penchang - Sagpang's
rich pusakal (gambler). She offers Juli to be her maid so
the latter can obtain money to free Kabesang Tales.
Tiburcio de Espadaña - Don Tiburcio is Victorina de
Espadaña's lame husband. He is currently in hiding at
Father Florentino's.
Father Írene - Captain Tiago's spiritual adviser. Although
reluctant, he helped the students to establish the
Academia de Castellano. The only witness to Captain
Tiago's death, He forged the last will and testament of
the latter so Basilio will obtain nothing from the
inheritance.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Hermana Penchang - Sagpang's
rich pusakal (gambler). She offers Juli to be her maid so
the latter can obtain money to free Kabesang Tales.
Tiburcio de Espadaña - Don Tiburcio is Victorina de
Espadaña's lame husband. He is currently in hiding at
Father Florentino's.
Father Írene - Captain Tiago's spiritual adviser. Although
reluctant, he helped the students to establish the
Academia de Castellano. The only witness to Captain
Tiago's death, He forged the last will and testament of
the latter so Basilio will obtain nothing from the
inheritance.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Quiroga - A Chinese businessman who dreamed of
being a consul for his country in the Philippines. He hid
Simoun's weapons inside his house.
Don Timoteo Pelaez - Juanito's father. He is a rich
businessmen and arranges a wedding for his son and
Paulita. He and Simoun became business partners.
Tandang Selo - Father of Kabesang Tales and
grandfather of Tano and Juli. He raised the sick and
young Basilio after he left their house in Noli me tangere.
He died in an encounter on the mountains with his son
Tales, when he was killed by a battalion that included his
own grandson, Tano.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Father Fernández - The priest-friend of Isagani. He
promised to Isagani that he and the other priests will
give in to the students' demands.
Sandoval - The vice-leader of Macaraig's gang. A
Spanish classmate of Isagani, he coerces his
classmates to lead alongside him the opening of the
Spanish language academy.
Hermana Báli - Another wealthy gambler in Tiani. She
became Juli's mother-figure and counselor; helped to
release Kabesang Tales from the hands of bandits.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Father Millon - A Dominican friar who serves as the
Physics professor of the University of Santo Tomas. He
always becomes vindictive with Placido and always
taunts him during class. Millon is based on/inspired by
an ill-mannered Dominican friar who was Rizal's
anatomy professor in Santo Tomas.
Tadeo - Macaraig's classmate. He, along with the other
three members of their gang, supposedly posted the
posters that "thanked" Don Custodio and Father Irene
for the opening of the Academia de Castellano.
Leeds - An American who holds stage plays starring
severed heads; he is good friends with Simoun.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Tano - Kabesang Tales's elder son after his older sister,
Lucia died in childhood. Became a civil guard. He was
among the battalion who killed his grandfather, Selo,
who was part of a group of an attacking rebels.
Father Hernando de la Sibyla - A Dominican friar
introduced in Noli Me Tangere, now the vice-rector of
the University of Santo Tomas.
Pecson - classmate who had no idea on the happenings
occurring around him. He suggested that they held the
mock celebration at the panciteria.
Father Bernardo Salvi- Former parish priest of San
Diego in Noli Me Tangere, now the director and chaplain
of the Santa Clara convent.
 CHARACTERS OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
Captain Tiago - Maria Clara's stepfather and the foster-
father to Basilio. His health disintegrates gradually
because of his frequent smoking of opium, which Father
Irene unscrupulously encourages despite Basilio's
attempts to wean his guardian off the addiction .
Eventually, he died because Father Irene scared him
about the revolt of the Filipinos.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO and MAKAMISA
Noli (Colorful, Humorous and light) work of
the heart
El Fili (bitterness, hatred, pain and sorrow)
work of the head

Makamisa- Rizal’s unfinished Novel

Dapitan- Written in Dapitan
Cristobal- Unfinished Novel
HONG KONG (1891-1892)
Melbourne- Bound to Hong-Kong
November 1891- June 1892
Christmas 1891- Rizal Family’s reunion in
Hong-Kong
Rizal practiced his profession (Ophthalmic
Surgeon)
Had the Idea: Borneo Colonization Project
Settle in Sabah and call it “New Calamba”
Eulogio Despujol- New Governor general
who promised change
Rizal had written two letters but the Gov.
did not even show courtesy by
acknowledging receipt of the letter.
SECOND HOMECOMING
REASONS:
1. Confer with Despujol his plan on
Borneo
2. Establish the La Liga
3. To prove that he is not coward just as
Eduardo de Lete was claiming in an
article published in La Solidaridad
Despujol planned to capture Rizal
A case was secretly filed against Rizal
while he is on a trip to Manila with an
assurance of safe passage from the
Spanish Consul who cablegrammed the
Gov. Gen. that he is “in the trap”
SECOND HOMECOMING
June 1892
Talked with the Gov. Gen. and his father
and sisters were pardoned from exile
Founding of the La Liga Filipina
Aims:
1. Unite the archipelago
2. Mutual protection
3. Defense against violence and Injustice
4. Encouragement of education,
agriculture, and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms

Motto: Unus Instar Omnium ‘One Like All”

EXILE IN DAPITAN (1892-1896)
Rizal came back to Despujol to talk with
him but he was arrested and was exiled to
Dapitan
Cebu-steamer that brought him to Dapitan
Stayed in the house of Capitan Carnicero
September 21, 1982- Won the lottery
Lived in Talisay, a town near Dapitan
Met Pablo Mercado- a Friar Spy
Practiced his profession, became a
teacher and constructed a water system
Written “Himno A Talisay”
Written “Mi Retiro” My retreat as requested
by his mother
LOVE WITH JOSEPHINE
Leonor died on August 28, 1893

Mr. George Taufer, adoptive father to

Josephine Bracken
Fell in love at first sight
Wanted to be wed after a month
Fr. Obach won’t hold the ceremony so the
two married themselves before the eyes of
God
Had a son- Francisco who only lived for
three hours
Dr. Francisco- Visited him and told him
about the Katipunan and the plan to save
him. But he refused
 LAST TRIP ABROAD
July 30, 1896- Left Dapitan to be a volunteer in Cuba as
approved by the new Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco
The revolution started
He was advised by his friends to stay in Singapore but he
refused- as conformance to his word of honor to Gov. Gen.
Blanco who, without his knowledge was conspiring with
Spanish Authorities that he be arrested once he disembark in
Barcelona- before reaching Cuba.
Imprisoned under the Commander of Barcelona- Eulogio
Despujol, former Gov. Gen. of the Philippines who ordered
his exile in Dapitan
Traveled 30 days only to be sent back to the Philippines for
trial.
 LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL
Colon- Left Barcelona, October 8, 1896
October 11- Diary was confiscated
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez telegrammed Atty.
Hugh Fort to request for a Writ of Habeas Corpuz when
Colon reaches Singapore
November 3- Colon reached Manila

Preliminary Investigation: Judge Colonel Francisco Olive

Gov. Gen. Blanco appointed Captain Rafael Dominguez-
Judge Advocate
Lt. Luis Taviel De Andrade (brother of Jose Taviel-
Bodyguard in Calamba)- defender in court
Blanco was succeeded by Camilo Polavieja
 EXECUTION
December 15- Wrote a manifesto to his people
December 25, 1896- Rizal’s saddest Christmas
December 26, 1896- Trial of Rizal (The same day he was
sentenced to death)
Gov. Gen. Polavieja- Ordered Rizal’s execution, December
30th , 7:00 am at Bagumbayan via firing squad
December 29, 1896- His execution was read by Captain
Rafael Dominguez
December 30, 1896- 6:00 am- death march to bagumbayan
Died 7:03 in the morning- aged 35, 5 months and 11 days
 IMMORTALIZATION

I die just when I see the dawn break,

Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Poured out the need for thy dear sake.
To dye with it’s crimson the walking ray”

-Mi Ultimo Adios

Dr. Jose P. Rizal
June 19, 1861- December 30, 1896 (aged 35)
Genius, Doctor, Writer, Scientist, Martyr, National Hero