GMO IN NON FOOD

CROPS AND
MICROORGANISM
BENEFITS OF
GMO’S
GMOS IN NON FOOD CROPS

Includes crops Production of:

 Pharmaceutical Agents
 Biofuel
 Industrially Useful Goods
 Bioremediation
GMOS IN MICROORGANISM
BACTERIA
 First organism genetically modified in the
laboratory, due to their simple genetics
 These organism are now used several purposes,
and are pure human proteins for use in
medicine.
 Used in the production of food for the long
time. They can be used to produced enzymes,
amino acids, flavorings and other compound
used in the food production.
 Genetically modified bacteria are used to
produce the protein insulin to treat diabeties.
 Similar bacteria have been used to produce
clotting factors to treat various forms of
dwarfism.
Lactic acid Bacteria are most producing bacteria .
FUNGI
 Are eukaryotes which means they have a
define nucleus and organelles.
 Fungal colonies can be visible to the human
eye once they have achieved a certain level of
growth for example mould and bread.
 Split into three main groups, 1) moulds which
display thread – like(filamentous) growth and
multicellular structures, 2) yeast which are
typically non- filamentous and can be single
celled and 3) mushroom which posses a
fruiting body for production of spores.
VIRUS
 Viruses are often modified so they can be
used as vectors for inserting genetic information
into other organisms. This process is called
transduction and if successful the recipient of
the introducted DNA becomes a GMO.
 A viron ( a virus particle ) requires a host cell in
order to replicate. Within the human anatomy a
virus enters a human cell and hijacks the it,
using the cell to replicate.
YEAST
 As of 2016 two genetically
modified yeasts involved in the
fermentation of wine have been
commercialized.
 One has increased malolactic
fermentation efficiency , while the
other prevents the production of
dangerous ethyl carbamate
compounds during fermentation.
BENEFITS OF GMO’S
1. GMO crops can be tailored to provide better health
benefits.
GMO foods can be modified so that they provide a
complete nutritional profile. Multiple vitamins and minerals
can be built into the crops as they grown by adjusting the
genetic profile of the plant, making it possible for people to
get what they need with fewer foods and lower costs.
2. There is a possibility of increase shelf life
GMO crops can be engineered to last longer once
harvested, which makes it possible to extend the distribution
life of food product. That makes possible to use existing
infrastructure for food distribution to send healthy foods
further around the world . That means location which are
experiencing food deserts or shortages can still receive
affordable foods that can benefit the general population
3. It takes less land to grow more food.
GMO crops can be engineered to produced higher
yield from the same croplands. In some instances ,the
crop yields can potentially double when the transition
from traditional crops to GMO crops is completed by
local farmers.
4.Genetically modified crops can conserve energy, soil
and water resources.
That allows our food distribution networks to make
less of an impact on the environment. Food can be
grown in areas that receive very little rainfall and have
zero irrigation with proper genetic modifications. 5.
Simple changes to certain crops can have a major
impact.
5. Fewer harmful agents need to be applied to crops
GMO crops are more resistant to pests, weeds and other threats.
That means farmer have less of a need to apply pesticides or
herbicides to their crops, which saves then money and potentially
increases the health benefit of the food being grown.
6. It can save core crops from extinction.
Many of the food we eat today are products of single initial resource.
Every naval orange , for example , is essentially a clone of one
original tree that was grafted to create additional trees.
7. Farmers can use better ground-care methods.
Because GMO crops have a greater overall tolerance, no till farming
methods become possibility. Even if tilling is required, less may be
necessary to successfully plant crop. That means less irrigation may
be necessary . Less nutrient ran off may be experienced. Soil
erosion can be reduce. At the same time , the safety and nutritional
value of the crops are not placed at risk.
8.Genetic engineering when used on microorganisms help in the
creation of new pharmaceuticals which cannot be made in
any other way.
9.Genetic engineering helps in the process of bio remediation
which is the process of cleaning up waste and pollution with
the help of living organisms.
10.In humans, genetic engineering is used to treat genetic
disorders and cancer. It also helps in supplying new body
parts.
11. Although, this has not been done today , genetic engineering
has the potential of creating new types of human beings with
many advantageous traits.
12.Genetic engineering is used in mining to extract useful
elements from the ones they are actually embedded into.
13. Certain bacterial sequences are manipulated to transform
waste into ethanol, so that it can be used as a fuel.
CONS OF GMO
 Main argument made against activity of genetic modification
is that it leads to unpredictable outcomes or side effects.
 Genetic modification is considered to be unnatural and
doesn’t fit in the context of natural ways like breeding/
crossing the plants and animals for bringing out the best in
them.
 Thus , the possibly of unpredictable alterations taking place
in the genetic make up of organisms is one of the biggest
cause of worries among scientists regarding the whole issue
of genetic modification.
 It is important to note that FDA has not approved consuming
animals that are genetically modified. This stand taken by the
FDA implies that they don’t want these genetically organisms
to become a part of the food chain.