System WHAT DO OUR MUSCLES DO? 01 02 03 Movement Individual Shape Protect Enable us to move our Give us our individual Protect and keep in body parts. shape. place our abdominal organs
04 05 Good Posture Body Heat Enable us to maintain Generate body heat good posture. when they contract. There are over 640 muscles in the body. The muscles make up about 40% of the body mass. 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE Skeletal/Striped Muscle Smooth Muscles Cardiac Muscle SKELETAL OR VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
● Fibers are long cylindrical.
● They are under our conscious control. It instructs them to perform everyday actions such as walking, running, and jumping. The Major Skeletal Muscles Deltoid Quadriceps Straighten your leg at the Raises your arm sideways knee and keep it straight at the shoulder. when you stand.
Biceps Pectorals Bends your arm Raises your arm at the at the elbow. shoulder. Draws it across your chest.
Abdominals Latissimus Dorsi
Pull in your abdomen. Flex Pulls your arm down at your trunk so you can the shoulder. Draws it bend forward. behind your back. The Major Skeletal Muscles Trapezius Gluteal Holds and rotates your Pull your leg back at the hip. shoulders. Moves your Raise it sideways at the hip. head back and sideways. Gluteus Maximus is the biggest.
Triceps Hamstrings Straightens your Bend your leg at the arm at the elbow. knee
Gastrocnemius Straightens the ankle joint so you can stand on tiptoes. SMOOTH OR INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES • Fibers are thin and spindle shaped. • Contracts slowly. • These muscles work automatically- they are not under our conscious control. • e.g. muscles of the digestive system CARDIAC MUSCLE
● Cells are branched and appear fused with
one another. ● Cardiac is a special type of involuntary muscle. ● It is only found in the heart. ● It contracts regularly, continuously and without tiring. ● It works automatically bit is under constant nervous and chemical control. HOW DO OUR MUSCLE WORK? There are 3 main types of muscular contraction: 2. Isotonic and Eccentric • Muscle lengthen as they contract under tension. • The ends of the muscle move further apart. • Plyometric exercise uses eccentric contractions.
1. Isotonic and Concentric
• Muscle shorten as they contract. • The ends of the muscle move closer together. • e.g. the biceps during a pull-up. • Most sporting movements are of this type. 05 3. Isometric • Muscles stay the same length as they contract. • There is no movement, so the ends of the muscles stay the same distance apart. • e.g. our shoulder muscles during a tug of war. • In many sporting movements the stabilizing muscles hold parts of the body steady as other parts move. MUSCLES CAN WORK AS: Synergists Antagonists any movement is Extensors muscles and generally contracting to accomplished by muscle groups straighten more than one usually work in joints. muscle. pairs. 05
Flexors Prime movers Fixators
contracting to bend our joints. (agonists) contracting to give the working - contracting to muscles a firm start a movement. base. - most responsible for the movement. HOW ARE MUSCLES ATTACHED TO BONES?
The muscle fibers end in a strong,
white flexible cord, called a TENDON. At the bone, the fibers of the tendon are embedded in the PERIOSTIUM of the bone. This anchors the tendon strongly and spreads the force of the contraction. MUSCLE SPEED AND TONE • MUSCLE FIBERS. These tiny threadlike fibers are packed together in bundles. 01 MUSCLE FIBER TYPES 02 Slow-Twitch Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers Muscle Fibers • Do not have a good oxygen supply. • Have a very good oxygen • Tire very quickly. supply. • Are stronger than slow-twitch • Work for a long time without fibers. tiring. • Contract very quickly. • Are not as strong as fast-twitch • Are used when we need fast, fibers powerful movements. • Take longer to contract. • Are used only in high intensity • Are used in all types of exercise. exercise. • Are used especially in aerobic • Are used in anaerobic activities. activities. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! There are about 60 muscles in the face. Smiling is easier than frowning. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
