THE GENRES AND

THEIR ELEMENTS
 LITERARY
• written expressions as opposed to traditional
forms like
myths,epics,folktales,legends,ballads,proverbs
,folk drama which had oral culture as their life
and basis.
• The difference between literary and traditional
forms is that literary are written while
traditional form is disseminated and acquired
through oral culture.
 BARD
 A tribal poet-singer skilled in composing and
reciting verses on heroes and their deeds (e.g
epics).
AUTHOR
 A modern concept tied to the notion of authority
and a culture of possesive individualism.
 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BARDS
AND AUTHOR

BARDS MODERN AUTHOR

Defies no tradition Self - expressive
Self - effacing Have bylines
Anonymous Hold copyright to
their works
 FICTION

Written down rather than Attributed to a named

orally transmitted. author.
- written by authors who self - consciously
make use of creative techniques and devices to
render their theme in the best way possible.
- basically prose narrative, its distinctive
features being the centrality of plot action.
RALPH WALDO EMERSEN
- an American essayist, lecturer, and poet.
" FICTION reveals truth that reality obscures "
- it depicts that sometimes fiction brings
the truth and verify in which humans fail to
recognize in their real lives. It reveals the real
deal in the lives of the person which was often
disregard.
PROSE
- ordinary written and no formal metrical.
PLOT ACTION
- arrangement of event's action.
The propeller of plot action is the presence of conflict
(problem or dilemma in a story/disturbance in status
quo).
Complications arise as conflict come. When this
happen, it will reach the climax of the story wherein
the situation need to be resolved.
 RESOLUTION
- the part of the plot which states the act of finding an answer or
solution to a conflict, problem, etc. It ties up to loose ends and
brings the story to a close.
TYPES OF RESOLUTION
REALISM
- is accompanied by psychological insights into the depth
personhood.
- the resolution is usually ROMANTIC.
SOCIAL REALISM
- an oppressive social issue is critiqued as played out in the
character's personal circumstances, usually ending with an
insight intended to raise awareness to readers.
VIDEO
VIDEO
Just like other genres, Fiction uses Figurative language.
But the figurative language symbol is often used.
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
-
 SYMBOL
- is a person, object, image, word, or event that evoke a
range of additional meaning beyond and usually more
abstract that is literal.
UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
 Water - Purity
 Black Clouds - Evil approaching
 ELEMENTS OF FICTION
• PLOT - the arrangement of events in a
narrative, carefully crafted by an author.
• SETTING - place, time, and social
environment in which the story takes place.
• CHARACTERS - the participants of a story or
the people involved in it.
• NARRATOR - the person telling the story.
• POINT OF VIEW - stance from which the story is
told.
• DIALOGUE - conversations between characters
in a narrative.
• PROTAGONIST - the character, the story focuses
on.
• ANTAGONIST - anything that opposes the
protagonist, intervenes between the protagonist
and his/her goal.
• ARCHE TYPE - a recurrent symbol, theme,
setting, or character that recurs in different times
and places in myth, literature, and folklore.
 SOME CREATIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY
THE AUTHORS
• FLASHBACK - presentation of events that occured
in the past either at the beggining of the story or
before the story took place.
• VOICE - a characteristic unique form of narrative
that each author has.
• CHARACTERIZATION - method by which a writer
presents the personality, appearance, and other
traits of a character.
• SYMBOL - an object or situation that represents
something beyond itself.
• MOTIF - recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea,
or object that manifests repeatedly during the
course of a story.
• THEME - idea that author repeats in the story to
point to a deeper meaning.
• FORESHADOWING - tool used by authors to hint
what is to come or one possible outcome of the
story.
• STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS - technique that
allows the reader to see the continuous, chaotic,
half-formed thoughts, senses, memories, images,
and reflections that constitutes a character's
consciousness.
FICTION
- basically prose narrative feature being the
centrality of plot action.
- written stories about people and events that
are not real or literature that tell stories which are
imagined by the writer.
CLIMAX
-the most exciting and important part of a
story, place, or movie that occur usually near
at the end.
FLESHED-OUT
- to provide more information about or to
make something more complete adding
details.
VERNACULAR-LANGUAGE
-using the language of ordinary speech
rather than formal writing.
ROMANCE AND REALISM
-two traditions of differing conventions.
BALLAD
-is a type of poem that is sometimes set
to music.
RESIL MOJARES
-is a Filipino ambassador historian critic of
the Philippine literature.
-he was born on September 04, 1943 in
Zamboanga Del Norte.