AI Development for Early Childhood, Basic

and Secondary Education

K-12 Indonesian Informatics Curriculum
Dr. Ir. Inggriani
Jakarta, 19 September 2019

AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 1

 Industry 4.0 & Society 5.0

https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/society5_0/index.html
One definition: "A human-centered society that balances economic
advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system
that highly integrates cyberspace and physical space."

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 Mistaken about AI
• AI will replace human
• Every computer program is AI program
• AI is machine learning
• AI is robotics (with a “body”, hardware)
• High volume of Data is Big Data
• ……

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 What is AI
• (1) systems that think like humans (e.g., cognitive
architectures and neural networks);
• (2) systems that act like humans (e.g., pass the Turing
test via natural language processing; knowledge
representation, automated reasoning, and learning),
• (3) systems that think rationally (e.g., logic solvers,
inference, and optimization); and
• (4) systems that act rationally (e.g., intelligent software
agents and embodied robots that achieve goals via
perception, planning, reasoning, learning,
communicating, decision-making, and acting).

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 Artificial Intelligence

https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/darpa-perspective-on-ai

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is the field that studies the synthesis and analysis of
computational agents that act intelligently. ["Poole, Macworth "Artificial Intelligence,
Foundation of Computational agents", Cambridge University Press 2010"]
AI impact on : economics, fairness, safety, governance
AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 5
https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/darpa-perspective-on-ai

Statistical
Rule Based Learning Based

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Engineers create sets of rules to represent knowledge in well
defined domains.
The specifics are explored by the machine

https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/darpa-perspective-on-ai
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 Second Wave

https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/darpa-perspective-on-ai

AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 8

https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/darpa-perspective-on-ai
AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 9
Computer Literacy, Digital Literacy, Computational Thinking
Computer Science, Computing , Informatics
Vocational ? Practical ? Academics ?
Learner ? User ?, Creator ?
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 https://K12cs.org
• The K–12 Computer Science Framework
envisions a future in which students
– critically engage in public discussion on computer
science topics;
– develop as learners, users, and creators of
computer science knowledge and artifacts;
– better understand the role of computing in the
world around them; and
– learn, perform, and express themselves in other
subjects and interests.

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 SCAN Fundamental Skills - 2001
[http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/chang/sped/scanskills.html]
Basic Skills: reading, writing, arithmetic/ mathematics, listening and speaking.
Thinking Skills: creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, seeing
things in the mind’s eyes, learning how to learn, reasoning
Personal Qualities: responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self-management,
integrity and honesty
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 21-st Century skill
http://p21.org
Collaboration, Communication
Critical Thinking, Creativity

The 5th ‘C’ of 21st Century Skills?

Computational Thinking (Not Coding)
• Why ?
• Could it be
better, faster, Complex Problem solving
bigger, cheaper ? Innovative, Adaptive, Resilience,
Risk taking, Reflectiveness
Teamwork, Independent Thinking

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 Computational Thinking
"Computational Thinking is the thought
processes involved in formulating
problems and their solutions so that the
solutions are represented in a form that
can be effectively carried out by an
information-processing agent.“

J. Cuny, L. Snyder, and J. M. Wing.

Demystifying Computational Thinking for
Non-Computer Scientists, 2010

14 AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_thinking

Generalization/Abstraction
Decomposition
Algorithm

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Computational Thinking
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/topics/z7tp34j

Four key techniques

(cornerstones) to CT:
decomposition - breaking down a
complex problem or system into
smaller, more manageable parts
pattern recognition – looking for
similarities among and within
problems
abstraction – focusing on the
important information only,
ignoring irrelevant detail
algorithms - developing a step-by-
step solution to the problem, or
the rules to follow to solve the
problem

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 CT encourage children questioning…..
• Can this problem be better, or more easily, solved by a
human or a computer?
• Is there a pattern between this problem and similar
problems we have tackled before?
• How can data be organized to solve this problem?
• How can I create a general solution that works for a range
of inputs?
• What is a step-by-step procedure I can articulate to solve
this?
• What computational strategies might be employed?
• What are the limitations, trade-offs and constraints related
to solving this problem?
• The Complexity of the problem: are there more efficient
and optimal solution for a more complex and big problem ?

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 Bebras Internasional: http://bebras.org
Bebras Indonesia http://bebras.or.id
Latihan online bhs Indonesia: https://olympia.id
Download soal-soal: http://bebras.or.id/v3/pembahasan-soal
Kurnas IF: http://aren.cs.ui.ac.id/kikd/index.php

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AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 19
Contoh soal SMP

CT & KurIF K-12, Unpar, 9 Juli 2019 20

 Graph of a Map 2010-AT-06

Maps can be easily pictured as graphs. In such a graph every node is a

country and the lines between the nodes mean that they border each
other. The picture shows a graph of a map with seven countries.
Jim has to find a map that fits the given graph. He has four options.
Can you help him find a map that matches the graph?

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AI, CT and K-12 Informatics Curriculum 22
Last updated on October 19, 2016

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 Informatics K-12 Curriculum
Permendikbud 35,36,37 Dec 2018

AI {perceiving, learning, abstraction,

TIK reasoning} vs CT {Abstraction,
Computing Practices Algorithm, Decomposition, Pattern
Recognition}
AI elements {system thinking
[domain knowledge], hardware,
C N D A S
E W A P O software (AI algorithm, library),
C people} vs Knowledge Area of
Informatics Curriculum
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING

High school graduates pursue their studies in various disciplines.

Temporary site, working directory, unofficial

http://aren.cs.ui.ac.id/kikd/index.php
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K-12 Indonesian Informatics Curriculum
• Objectives:
– Thinking skill : Computational Thinking
– Science : Computing/Informatics/Computing
– Hands-on, Skill : Digital Literate, ICT
– Character/softskill building
• Themes
– Elementary, SD : Computing for Fun
– Junior Secondary, SMP : Using Technology for problem
solving and product creation
– Secondary, High School, SMA : Basic science, Data analytic
& AI foundation.
[Notes: data interpretation is one of PISA requirement]

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http://aren.cs.ui.ac.id/kikd/index.php

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 Curriculum
Implementation

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 Informatics Competition for Talented Student
The way to International Olympiad in Scientific Disciplines
https://training.ia-toki.org/
International Scientific Olympiads
achievement - 2019 :

Indonesian Team Medals

Indonesia plan to host APIO in 2020 and 2021 International Olympiad in Informatics

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IOI-2019 Azerbaijan

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 Closing Remarks
• In the coming years, AI will continue to contribute to
economic growth and will be a valuable tool for improving
the world.
This will likely increase productivity and create wealth, but
there is a risk that AI-driven automation will increase the
wage gap between less-educated and more-educated
workers, potentially increasing economic inequality.
• AI can be used to serve the public faster, more effectively,
and at lower cost. Many areas will see new opportunities
and new challenges driven by the continued progress of AI
• Fairness, security, governance, safety, ethical aspects of AI
implementation and research should be concerned.
• Early-age, Primary and secondary education contributes to
prepare young generation to be creators of advances in AI
knowledge, as well as AI-based products.
Indonesian MOEC (Ministry of Education and Culture)
released a K-12 national curriculum in Informatics, and
manage talented kids as part of those effort.

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 Thank You – Q/A

http://bebras.or.id https://training.ia-toki.org
Bebras Indonesia TOKI Training Gate

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