Syllabus:

1. Working Stress Design (WSD)

A. Beams and Girders
i. Singly Reinforce
ii. Doubly Reinforce
iii. Irregular & T-Beams
iv. Stirrups
v. Bond Stress
B. Slabs
i. One Way
ii. Two Way
C. Columns
i. Axial
ii. Axial with One Moment
iii. Axial with Two Moments
2. Ultimate Steel Design (USD)
A. Beams and Girders
i. Singly Reinforce
ii. Doubly Reinforce
iii. Irregular & T-Beams
iv. Stirrups
v. Bond Stress
B. Slabs
i. One Way
ii. Two Way
C. Columns
i. Axial Loads
ii. Axial with One Moment
iii. Axial with Two Moments
Properties of Concrete
1. Compressive Strength
2. Tensile Strength – Rupture Strength (ft)
3. Shear Strength
4. Creep of Concrete – Sustained increased in deformation under constraint load with me
Creep is enhanced by: A. Loading concrete when still “GREEN”
B. High Water – Cement ratio by weight
C. Exposure to high temperature
5. Shrinkage – Change in dimension due to water evaporation
 TYPE OF PORTLAN CEMENT
TYPE I : General Purpose Cement
- for general concrete structures 50 – 60 oF of heat
TYPE II : Modified General Purpose Cement
- if structure is exposed to moderate sulfate attack
- attained by placing the limits of C3A, C3S of this
cement
TYPE III : High Early Strength Cement
- Increasing C3A and C3S
- not for mass concrete structures
- vulnerable to sulfate attack
TYPE IV : Low Heat of Hydration Cement
- Applicable to massive concrete structures
- Should reduce 50 – 60 oF
- Achieve by reducing C3A and C3S
TYPE V : Sulfate Resisting Cement
- For structure which is exposed extensively to sulfate
- achieved by reducing further C3A from TYPE II
Notations: WSD
Fc = Specified compressive strength of concrete
F’c = Allowable compressive strength of concrete
= 0.45F’c
Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete
= 0.043Wc1.5√F’c
= 4700√F’c
where : F’c, Ec -> MPa
Wc (Unit Weight of Concrete) in Kg/m3
Fy = yield strength of steel
Fs = allowable tensile stress of steel
Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel
= 200 000 Mpa (29 x 106 Psi)

Grade 40ksi 50ksi 60ksi

fy 276 MPa 345MPa 414MPa
fs 138 MPa 138 MPa 165 MPa
 3
2
45
 31.8109 kN.m

(2)]
31.8109=

7.0691 kN/m
 23.6029 kN/m3

5
8138016.068 138.9594
 529.3252 mm2
138
 264.6626 mm2
138

264.6626
1.3163=
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