ARSC 313

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
MODULE 1

1
 COURSE OBJECTIVE

1. To introduce students to the basic concept of force, couple and

moment in two and three dimensions.
2. To develop analytical skills relevant to the areas mentioned above.

2
 TOPIC OBJECTIVE
1. To develop analytical skills in the determination of forces acting in a
force system.
2. To determine the reaction force in given action force.
3. To calculate the net force for two or more forces acting on a body.
4. Analyze the reactions and forces induced in coplanar and space
systems using equilibrium equations and free body diagrams.

3
 INTRODUCTION

FORCE
1. The simplest concept of force is a push or a pull.
2. On a deeper level, force is the action that has the ability to create or
change motion.
3. In statics, a force is a type of load that can create motion to a body at
rest, or in a static equilibrium.

4
 INTRODUCTION

FORCE
1. The simplest concept of force is a push or a pull.
2. On a deeper level, force is the action that has the ability to create or
change motion.
3. In statics, a force is a type of load that can create motion to a body at
rest, or in a static equilibrium.

5
 INTRODUCTION

EQUILIBRIUM
1. The condition of zero acceleration is called
equilibrium.
2. In equilibrium, all forces cancel out leaving zero
net force.
3. Objects that are standing still are in equilibrium
because their acceleration is zero.
4. A static problem usually means there is no
motion.

1
6
 INTRODUCTION
REACTION

 “For every action there is an equal and

opposite reaction.”
 This statement is known as Newton’s third
law of motion.
 Newton’s third law discusses pairs of
objects and the interactions between them.

7
 Action and reaction
REACTION forces act on different
objects, not on the same

BEAM

The forces cannot cancel out

because they act on different objects.

COLUMN
COLUMN

The column will resist the downward

force, called reaction equal to the force
excerted on the beam.
8
• A beam is a structural element that resist lateral loads.
• It is synonymous to a span, the unsupported length of a
beam.
• The beam transfers the load collected from the
unsupported length and transfer it to the column.
• The column is the vertical resisting element which
transfer the collected loads to the ground.
• Reaction is the force acting at the joints in response to
an applied load.
9
 REACTION

Theforce acting at the support of a

beam in response to an applied load

• A beam is a structural element that

resist lateral loads.
10
A SPAN IS SUPPORTED AT ITS END BY A
COLUMN FOR STABILITY

TRANSOM
MAIN
BEAM

BEAMS PIERS

11
 A SPAN IS SUPPORTED AT ITS END BY A
COLUMN FOR STABILITY

EXPANSION JOINT

EXPANSION JOINT
ROLLER SUPPORT

PIN SUPPORT

SIMPLE BEAM
12
13
14
15
Treatment of varying gap during difference in
temperature and change in shape or length.

16
 SIMPLE
BEAM

PIN ROLLER
17
POINT LOADS or
CONCENTRATED
LOADS

A B

18
• POINT

∑fX = 0 +
Y
LOADS
-+ ++

-- +-
X
∑fy = 0 +
=
=
10
 +
Y
-+ ++ ∑fX = 0
--
Z +-
X
∑fy = 0 +
+∑m@ pt.=0 +
CW CCW 20
A B
21
 ∑m@B = 0 +

A COUNTER B
CLOCKWISE 22
∑m@A = 0 +

CLOCK
A WISE B
23
 2M
P 3M P 1M

ASSUMING THE WEIGHT OF THE BEAM IS

NEGLIGIBLE

A 6M B

24
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
FBD OF ALL THE FORCES ACTING
WITHIN A FORCE SYSTEM
24 KN 18 KN
2M 3M 1M

Rax=0 KN

A =19 KN
Ray 6M B =23 KN
Rby
R = REACTION
A & B = POINT OF INTEREST ALONG THE BEAM
X & Y = DIRECTION OF THE FORCE ALONG THE FORCE SYSTEM 25
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 + += Rax
∑fx
+ - - =0

26
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 +
24 KN+- 18
Ray + Rby - 42KN KN= 0 + 42 KN
42 KN

27
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 +
Ray + Rby = 0 + 42 KN

28
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
+ ( )+ ( + )

29
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
+24 KN (2M) + 18 KN ( 2M + 3M ) - ( )= 0

30
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
48KN.M
+24 18 KN.M
KN (2M)+ 90 KN ( 2M + 3M ) – Rby(6M) = 0

31
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
48 KN.M++Rby
138KN.M (6M) – Rby (6M) = 0 +Rby (6M)
90 KN.M

32
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
138 KN.M +Rby (6M) – Rby (6M) = 0=+Rby
Rby (6M)

33
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN
∑m@ pt. A = 0 +
13823KN
KN.M = Rby (6M)
(6 M) (6M)
34
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + Rby = 42 KN

Rby = 23 KN

35
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray = 6M Rby
∑fy = 0 Ray + 23 KN = 42 KN
= - = 19 KN

36
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray = 6M Rby
=
∑fy = 0 Ray + 23 KN = 42 KN
Ray = 42 KN - 23 KN = 19 KN

37
 24 KN 18 KN
Rax= 0 2M 3M 1M

Ray =19 KN 6M Rby= 23 KN

FORCE VALUE
Rax
Ray
Rby FINAL ANSWER
38