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ASSAM

HISTORY
• The early history of Assam is lost

• In the sacred scriptures assamin


the
wasmists
knownof antiquity
as KAMRUPA The mighty Brahmaputra-
Assam's lifeline

• Historical evidences prove that


the first king who ruled over
Kamrupa was Pushya Varman
(350 - 380 AD), who was a
contemporary of Samudragupta
(350 - 375 AD). An early kamrupa scripture
•The famous Chinese pilgrim-scholar
Hiuen-Tsang, reported that he had
attended the court of king Bhaskar
Barman. Several stone and copper
inscriptions dating from the7th to the 12th
centuries indicate a succession of Hindu
dynasties

• The Salasthambha dynasty was the next to


rule Assam

• The last king of this dynasty, Tyaga Singha


was succeeded by Brahmapala who founded a
new dynasty- that of the Palas. Jayapala was
the last ruler of this dynasty.

Hiuen Tsang
The first Islamic invasion of
Kamrupa took place during the
reign of a king called Prithu who
was killed in a battle with The famous
Illtutmish's son Nasiruddin . After Kamakhya temple
the invasion of the Mughals in the
15th century many Muslims settled
in Assam and thus became the first
Muslim settlers of this region.
Ruins of Banasur's
capital Sonitpur
Early in the 20 century the government of India made
vast tracts of land in Assam available to predominantly
Muslim farmers from the provinces of East Bengal for
settlement and cultivation. Nepalese were employed as
herders and encouraged to colonize new lands. The
subsequent Immigration of Marwaris and Sikhs boasted
capital development in Assam and strengthen its ties
with the rest of India.
ECONOMICS
• Economics of Assam represents a unique juxtaposition of backwardness in plenty

• Growth rate of Assam has not kept pace with that of India during the post British
era

• India economy grew 6.6% pa in 1981-2000 while Assam grew 3.3%

• In 6th plan period Assam showed negative growth rate of 3.78% while India grew
6%

• Now Assam is showing signs of improvement

• 1993-94 : Assam economy grew 4.5% growth

• 1994-95 : the growth rate fell to 3.4%

• 2003-04 and 2004-05 : the economy showed constant growth of 5.5% and 5.3%
respectively
Year Gross State Domestic Product
1980 25,160
1985 56,730
1990 106,210
1995 194,110
2000 314,760

Gross domestic product


1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
14720 25160

56730
94110

106210
•Assams gross state domestic product for 2004 is 13$
estimated in current prices

•The sectored contribution for the state is as follows

Primary sector agriculture: 2.6% pa

Secondary sector industry: 3.4% pa

Tertiary sector service: contributes more than primary


and secondary sectors
COMMERCE AND TRADE
ECONOMY :

In the 1950s, per capita income in


Assam was little higher than that in
India. In 2000–01, in Assam it was
INR 6,157 at constant prices (1993–
94) and INR 10,198 at current prices;
almost 40% lower than that in India.
According to the recent estimates,
per capita income in Assam has
reached INR 6756 (1993–94 constant
prices) in 2004–05, which is still
much lower than India's.
Agriculture:

Accounts for more than a third of


Assam’s income and employs 69% of
workforce.Assam's biggest contribution
to the world is tea. It produces some of
the finest and expensive teas and has its
own variety Camellia assamica. Assam
also accounts for fair share of India’s
production of rice, rapeseed, •A tea garden in Assam: tea
mustard seed, jute, potato, sweet potato, is grown at elevations near
banana, papaya, areca nut and turmeric. sea level, giving it a malty
It is also a home of large varieties of sweetness and an earthy
citrus fruits, leaf vegetables, vegetables, flavor, as opposed to the more
floral aroma of highland (e.g.
useful grasses, herbs, spices, etc. Darjeeling, Taiwanese) teas.
Industry:

• Apart from tea and petroleum refineries, Assam has


few industries of significance. Industrial development is
inhibited by its physical and political isolation from
neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, China and
Bangladesh and from other growing Southeast Asian Processed assam tea
economies; ultimately leading to neglect by the federal
government in regards to development – a key
motivation for separatist groups

• Assam is a mojor producer of crude oil and it accounts


for about 15% of india’s crude oil output, exploited by
the Assam Oil Company Ltd and natural gas in india and
is the second largest in the world.

• Although having a poor industrial development, A product of a


several other industries have come such as fertilizers, textile mill
cement and sugar. Jute, textile and silk yarn mills have
also been started.
FINANCE
Assam finance status of India:

•Before independence there were only two branches in the


finance and budget branch
•With the growth of the economy, the size of the finance
department also has been growing over the years.

Assam financial corporation:

•To provide financial assistance to small scale


and medium scale industries within its
jurisdiction covering the North Eastern state of
Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura.
Objective :

•To accelerate the industrial growth.


•Promotion of self employement.
•Proper utilization of local natural resources.
•To encourage new technical entrepreneurs towards industrial projects.
•To provide assistance for promotion or expansion of industry by the rural and urban areas.

Assam state finance commision:


The Assam Finance Commision has been constituted by the government of
Assam on 23 June,1995 to review the financial position of the local bodies
namely the Panchayats and Municipalities and put forward to the
government the reccomondations relating to the distribution between the
state bof Assam and the Panchayats/ municipalities of the net proceeds of
taxes, duties, tools and fees.
SOCIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION: Human development front and the
challenges it faces.

POVERTY :
• The historical trend in the incidence of rural poverty in Assam shows
an increasing trend opposed to a secular decline in all other states. This
does not come as a surprise considering the slow growth in Gross State
Domestic product in Assam as compared to the growth in the all India
GDP.

• Direct intervention by the government is necessary not only for the


redistribution purpose but also because most of the basic services have
a public good characteristic.
HEALTH SECTOR:

• Good health not only increases productivity and earnings of an


individual but also improves the overall quality of life and the
socio- economic development of general population.

•Government takes steps to avoid poverty and ensure good health


by improving drinking and sanitation facilities.

EDUCATION:

• A large number of eligible children of school going age


still remain still remain out of school. The recent NFHS
survey indicates that 72% of the population is attending
school in Assam.
POLITICAL
Likeall other states of India Assam is governed by a
CHIEF MINISTER and a council of other ministers
responsible to an elected unicameral legislature and by
a Governor, appointed by the President of India. The
role of Governor is largely ceremonial.
The Assam legislative assembly has 126 members
who are elected by means of a popular vote conducted by
the election commission of India. The High Court of
Assam is located in Guwahati.

Present government:
1. Lt. Gen(Retd) Ajjai singh-PVSM,AVSM. His Excellency
the Governor of Assam.

2. Sri.Tarun Gogoi- Honorable Chief minister of India.

3. Sri.P.C Sharma- Chief secretary of Assam.


STATISTICS POPULATION
POPULATION 14000000
13500000
There is a total of 2,66,38407 people
living in assam according to the 2001 13000000
POPULATION
cencus. 12500000
12000000
E E
AL AL
Literacy rate M
FE
M

There is a total of 64.28% literacy rate in


assam . Literacy
60
40
20 Literacy

0
Rural urban
Agriculture
Assam has a net geographical area of 7843800. it includes Total
cropped area, Cultivable wasteland, Area under forest, Land put to
non agriculture, Grazing land, Net area sown.

Agriculture
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0 Agriculture
rea and rest ul... and rea
a el r fo ic l a
d t r g n
p pe was de ag azin sow
c ro l e u n
n on gr e t
al ab e a o n
t v ar t t
to u lti pu
c d
l an
CULTURE
ART AND CRAFT
• The magic of art of assamese
craftsmen is a a common passion
inspirin the deep senses with its
age old simplicity and
sophistication.
• Asssam is renowned for its Xorai
exquisite silks, bamboo, and
Japi with gamosa cane products.
• Assam handloom is indeed
noteworthy offering a mosaic of
colours with pleasin design.
• The colourful assamese
japi(head gear,),terracotta and
other decorative items bear
witness to the craftmanship of
An assam coin its land. A traditional assamese
• The Eri,Muga and typical paintinhg
tribal attires are a treat to the
eyes of the beholder.
Assamese Cuisine
•Rice is the staple diet.

•The people eat a lot of rice based


breakfast, cereals with milk, yoghurt or Fish and rice.
thick cream.

•Their food is mainly based on rice and


fish. For dessert there is a huge
variety of “pithas”(cakes)

•Authentic assamese cuisine is usually


made with very little oil and practically Koat pitha
no spices.

•Assamese are usually non-vegetarians.


It is very tough to find people who
donot eat fish and duck eggs.

•Mustard oil is usually used and


occasionaly buutter or ghee.
Dal duck egg curry.
Traditional attires of assam

•Handloom weaving is Assams largest


and oldest industry.

•The traditional costume for women is


known as Mekhla chadar. Mekhla is
the shirt and chaddar is the skirt.
Traditional jewellery
•The men dress themselves in Dhoti of assam
and chaddar.

•Muga silk is used as the common


material base. It has a natural golden
colour that becomes brighter with
every wash.

A man with his traditional attire


Music and dance
•The traditional dance of assam is called BIHU.
•It is a rhythamic dance form with a lot of
grace and beauty.
•The costume of this dance form is is the
traditional attire of assamese the mekhla
chadar wown out of the silk muga

•The traditional music of assam is called the


dhullias.
•It is basically the music that is played with
the help of DHOLAKSdrums)
TOURISM
Assam is the central state in the
North-East Region of India and serves as the
gateway to the rest of the
Seven Sister States.
•Introduction

For the purposes of tourism there are


wildlife preserves like the Kaziranga
National Park . The climate is
sub-tropical. Assam experiences the
Indian monsoon and has one of the highest
forest densities in India. The winter
months are the best time to visit.
It has a rich cultural heritage going
back to the Ahom Dynasty which governed
the region for many centuries before the
British occupation.
Main Destinations
•Brahmaputra

The only male river in India, this is both a


source of sorrow and sustenance for the people of
Assam.
Brahmaputra
• Guwahati

One of the key urban centres of Assam and the


biggest city in North-East India, this serves as
the major gateway to the whole region. This is
the primary hopping point for accessing Shillong,
the hill station
• Majuli

The largest freshwater island in South


Kamalabari satra of
Majuli.
Asia on the Brahmaputra River
Kaziranga

This is one of the few places covered


as a World Heritage Site and the main
habitat of the Great Indian One-horned
Rhinoceros. Also check out Manas
National Park and Orang National Park
A Crimson Sunbird at Goalpara
.
Kaziranga.
Goalpara is also a major tourist spot
in Assam.It has a numerous tourist
spots and temples like Sri Surya
Pahar,Tekreshwari Pahar,Paglartek in
Pancharatna,Pir Babas Mazar in
Joleshwar,Naranarayan The fomous one
Setu(Bridge)connecting northern Assam horned one horned
rhino
districts like
Kokraghar,Bongaigoan,Dhubri etc to
Orchids are
Goalpara,Guwahati and major part of
abundantly found in
Assam; a variety – Meghalaya
Bhatou Phul or Vanda
coerulea, the 'Blue Dibrugarh
Orchid.
Business hub in upper Assam. Serves The golden
as gateway to Nagaland langur
Tezpur

Small town steeped in history and culture. Check out


Usha Pahar, Agnigarh, Mahabhairav Temple, etc...

Sivasagar

Agnigarh Hill, Tezpur Seat of the Ahom Kingdom. Check out Rang Ghar,
Talatal Ghar, Sivadol, Kareng Ghar of Garhgaon etc...

Hajo

Hajo is a small township situated to the northwest


of Guwahati across the river Brahmaputra.Hajo is a
remarkable example of communal harmony .

Dibru Saikhowa

Rang Ghar in Sivasagar Dibru Saikhowa National Park is a beautiful National


Park situated in Tinsukia district. There are few Eco
lodges situated here to enjoy the beauty of this
park.

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