CHILDHOOD

IMMUNIZATIONS
 EXPANDED PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION
• established in 1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have
access to routinely recommended
infant/childhood vaccines. Six
vaccine-preventable diseases were
initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis,
poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis and measles.
 Republic Act No. 10152
• Mandatory Infants and Children Health
Immunization Act of 2011 signed by
President Benigno Aquino III in July 26,
2010. The mandatory includes basic
immunization for children under 5
including other types that will be
determined by the Secretary of Health.
 Measles, Mumps, and
Rubella Vaccine
• administered between 12 and 15 months of
age
• second dose is given between 4-6 years old
• passively acquired antibodies
– First dose delayed
• S/E- transient rash and a fever, which may
begin 5 to 12 days after vaccination and
last several days
• A/E- joint pain, low-grade fever, rash, and
lymphadenopathy 5 to 12 days after
vaccination.
 Hepatitis A Vaccine
• Two doses of hepatitis A vaccine,
administered 6 months apart, are
recommended for all children
between 1 and 2 years of age
• Children who did not receive this as
toddlers can be vaccinated against
hepatitis A at any time.
 Rotavirus Vaccine
• Rotaviruses are responsible for the
majority of severe gastrointestinal
disease in infants
• Vaccine is given at 2, 4, and 6 months
of age. No doses should be given after
children reach 32 weeks of age
 Haemophilus influenzae
Type B Vaccine
• Protects against H. influenzae bacteria, a
major cause of meningitis in children
• They are administered in a two-dose (at
age 2 and 4 months of age) or a three-
dose regimen (at 2, 4, and 6 months of
age, with an additional booster at 12
months of age).
• Local reactions include tenderness at the
injection site. Reactions such as crying
and fever may occur
 Varicella Vaccine
• Infants may receive varicella vaccine at
any visit after their first birthday (usually
scheduled at 12 to 18 months of age)
and again at 4 to 6 years of age
• Those who did not receive the vaccine as
infants should be immunized during
adolescence with two doses of vaccine
administered at least 1 month apart.
 Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Vaccine
• For all age 2-23 months
• administered at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months
of age and provides protection for 6 to
10 years
 Human Papillomavirus
Vaccine
• HPV is associated with the development
of cervical cancer in women
• Recommended for what age group?
• Receive three injections of this vaccine
beginning at 11 to 12 years of age
• Not vaccinated?
– Can receive anytime with proper monthly
intervals
 Meningococcal Vaccine
• Children in high-risk groups (immunologic
deficiencies or have had their spleen
removed due to trauma or those
receiving therapy for a blood dyscrasia)
are advised to get this vaccine
• Administer a single dose of
meningococcal vaccine at age 11
through 12 years, with a booster dose at
age 16 years
 Lyme Disease Vaccine
• Caused by a bite of tick deer
• No longer available because it can be
treated with antibiotics
 Influenza Vaccine
• For most healthy children age 2 years
and older, the live attenuated
influenza vaccine (LAIV) can be
administered. Children 6 months
through 8 years who have never
received the influenza vaccine before
will require two doses at least 1 month
apart.
 Anthrax and Smallpox
Vaccines
• A vaccine is available for people in
high-risk occupations, such as hunters,
taxidermists, or veterinarians, but it is
not recommended for children.