Submitted by:

Bartolata,Greyna
Mercado Regean
Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in the Philippines and Wor
ldwide
The pancreas is located
behind the liver and is where
the hormone insulin is
produced. Insulin is used by
the body to store and utilize
glucose.
Endocrine glands release
hormones (chemical
messengers) into the
bloodstream to be transported
to various organs and tissues
throughout the body. For
instance, the pancreas
secretes insulin, which allows
the body to regulate levels of
sugar in the blood. The thyroid
gets instructions from the
pituitary to secrete hormones
which determine the pace of
chemical activity in the body
(the more hormone in the
bloodstream, the faster the
chemical activity; the less
hormone, the slower the
activity).
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the
pancreas in response to increased
glucose levels in the blood.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the
pancreas that is necessary for cells to
be able to use blood sugar.
Islets of Langerhans contain beta cells
and are located within the pancreas.
Beta cells produce insulin which is
needed to metabolize glucose within
the body.
In response to high levels of glucose in the
blood, the insulin-producing cells in the
pancreas secrete the hormone insulin. Type I
diabetes occurs when these cells are
destroyed by the body's own immune
system.
Predisposing factors:
Precipitating factors:
Fasting blood glucose test
A normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100 mg/dL. A
fasting blood glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.

Hemoglobin A1C test (A1C)

It is used to monitor blood glucose control in people with known diabetes, but is not
normally used to diagnose diabetes.

Oral glucose tolerance test

is the most sensitive test for diagnosing diabetes and pre-diabetes.
 Medications:
When diet, exercise and maintaining a healthy weight aren’t enough, you may need the
help of medication. Medications used to treat diabetes include insulin.
Insulin is a hormone that is central to regulating the energy and glucose
metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from
the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.

Sulfonylurea drugs
- These medications stimulate your pancreas to produce and release
more insulin. For them to be effective, your pancreas must produce some
insulin on its own.

Meglitinides
- have effects similar to sulfonylureas, but you’re not as likely to
develop low blood sugar. It work quickly, and the results fade rapidly.
Biguanides.
- It works by inhibiting the production and release of glucose from your liver,
which means you need less insulin to transport blood sugar into your cells.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
- These drugs block the action of enzymes in your digestive tract that break
down carbohydrates.

Thiazolidinediones. These drugs make your body tissues more sensitive to insulin
and keep your liver from overproducing glucose. Side effects of thiazolidinediones,
such as rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone hydrochloride (Actos), include
swelling, weight gain and fatigue.