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GEOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

* GEOLOGY is the term derived from the Greek
word GEO: Earth, and LOGOS: means Science.
* The study of geology means studied related to
the origin, formation, and denudation of the
earth.
* Geology deals with the studies related to
various surface and subsurface physical
features like mountains, plateaus, plains,
valleys, basins, caves and all coastal marine
and submarine forms.

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The science that deals with the earths physical
structure and substance its, history and the processes
that act on it.

 The geological features of an area.

 The geological features of a planetary body.
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* Is an earth science concerned with the solid earth, the
rock of which it is composed, and the processes by
which they change over time. Geology can also include
the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet
or natural satellites such as the mars or the moon.

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* Physical geology
* Geomorphology
* Mineralogy
* Petrology
* Economic geology
* Historical geology

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 oGeochemistry
oGeophysics
oGeohydrology
oMining geology
oEngineering geology
oRock mechanics
oGeomechanics
oMeteorology
oOceanography

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It deals with the origin, development and ultimate fate
of various surficial features of earth. The role played by
internal (volcanism and earthquakes) and external
(wind, water, ice) agents on the physical features on the
earth makes major domain of this branch.

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* This branch confines itself to the studies of
features of the surface of the earth, primarily
of the land surface. Detailed investigations
regarding development and disposition of
mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys and basins
and various other landform associated with
them.

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* This branch deals with the study of formation,
occurrence, aggregation, properties, and uses
of various families of minerals.

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* Minerals occurring in natural aggregatedforms
are called rocks. These rocks forms the
building blocks that makes up the crust of the
earth. Formation of various types of rocks,
their mode of occurrence, composition,
textures, and structures, geological and
geographical distribution on the earth are all
studied under the title petrology.

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* Deals with study of minerals and rocks and
other such material (coal and petroleum)
occurring in the crust that can be exploited as
a ore.

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* It isalso called as stratigraphy and deals with
the past history of the earth. From the study
of its rock stratified and unstratified rocks are
treated as the pages of the earth history. Each
having the information about the time during
which it was transformed and also the imprints
(fossils lefts on its formation) when the rocks
are properly interpreted can reveal vital
information about the climate, biological
activities and the environmental conditions of
the past; all these lies in the historical geology.

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In Construction Jobs:
* In all types of heavy construction like building
tower, dams, reservoirs, highways, bridges, traffic
and hydropower tunnel and retaining structure. The
geological information about the site of
construction ( or excavation) and about the natural
materials of construction is of paramount
importance.
* This information is vital for planning realistic,
designing, and economic excavation of one and all
of such projects.

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* It provides the engineer with a general
guidance about the suitability of the site for a
proposed projects.
* Itenables the engineer to appreciate the
limiting factors imposed upon his planning
by topography, geomography, ground water
condition etc. of the area.

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* It
gives the engineer a general idea about the
availability of different construction materials.
* Itguides him in limiting the exploratory
operation (drilling) for selecting the final site
to such number as would be absolutely
essential.

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* The existence of hard rock and their depth from an
inclination with the surface.
* Mechanical properties of the rocks along the
proposed site, especially, bearing strength, modulus
of elasticity, permeability ad resistance to decay
and disintegration.
* Presence of structurally weak plans(joints, faults
and fractures) and weak zones (peat deposits and
sheared zones) especially at critical regions of a site
selected for the project.

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* Themajor factor in town planning is the allocation of
site for industrial site is defendant on the
geomorphology of the region.
* It helps the town planner in allocating the space for the
building with respect to FSI.

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* During the formation of city the design
prepared for the drainage and drinking water
should not coincide with each other.
* The study of the water cycle is an essential
section for planning and execution of a major
water level program.

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* Thank you for listening……