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PRESENTED BY:
SHAILENDRA GURJUR
VAIBHAV INDORA
VIPUL GUPTA
VIVEK RAJPUT
YOGENDRA KUSHWAHA
 `


V The idea of WTO was conceptualized in Bretton
Woods Conference in 1944, along with World Bank
and IMF.

V International Trade Organization (ITO) Charter was

rectified to form an interim arrangement in the
form of GATT (1948).

V Finally born on 1st August, 1994 and came into act

from 1st January, 1995.
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
 
V Dispute resolution mechanism gives small or
developing economies the opportunity to obtain a
fair hearing without being a subject to threats from
bigger countries.

V Intellectual Property Rights were included in TRIPS

and were not included in GATT. In a lot of
countries, it is something that doesn·t exist but if
the country is willing to join WTO, it must accept
the TRIPS.

V Focus on trade to the exclusion of non-trade

matters.
 à

V No mechanism for weighing the influence of a

member proportionally to the size of the member·s
economy

V Insensitivity of Director-General to the fears held

by many member regarding the loss of national
sovereignty under the WTO

V The fact that Russia, though is willing to join the

WTO, is unable to meet the requirements for
membership
V Insistence on food self-sufficiency in developing
country members

V Insufficient liberalization of foreign direct

investment
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 

V Integration of the former Soviet states, the PRC

and the countries of Eastern Europe into the
framework of open international trade

V Expansion of telecommunications sector and

electronic trade

V Opportunity to bring international industrial

espionage to the end
 
 

V Nationalism

V Regionalism in the form of trade blocks² groups

such as NAFTA & European Union have regulations
that conflict with those of the WTO
  

V WTO has made significant achievements in reducing
the Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers.

V The liberalization of investments has been

fostering economic growth of a number of
countries.

V WTO provides a forum for multi-lateral discussions

of economic relations between nations.
V WTO has a system to settle trade disputes between
nations.

V Malta to Morocco, Stockholm to Shanghai- World on

one platform.
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V Negotiations and Decision making in WTO is
dominated by Developed Countries.

V Most Developing Countries do not have the

Financial resources and Knowledge to effectively
participate in the WTO discussions and
negotiations.

V Due to the dependence of Developing Countries on

the Developed ones, the Developed countries are
able to resort to arm-twisting techniques.
V WTO has not been successful to impose the
organizational disciplines on the Developed
Nations.

V Sub-Saharan, Third World and OECD countries are

becoming new Colonies- Thanks to WTO.

V WTO undermines Local Level Decision-Making and

National Sovereignty.
THANK YOU