STRUCTURE AND

WRITTEN
EXPRESSIONS
Parts of SWE
 Sentence completion: 15 items
Analyzing sentence structure (Subjects, predicates
and other components in a sentence)
For example: Many people _________ in Jakarta,
the capital city of Indonesia for different reasons.
a) live
b) life
c) living
d) who live
Tip: Try to find the missing component of a sentence.
Parts of SWE
 Error Identification: 25 items
Analyzing incorrect component of a sentence.
For example:
Bob graduate from a Nursing academy in 2010
a b c d
Option a is incorrect because it should refer to
past time event, so the answer is a.

Tip: Focus on grammatical accuracy.

Identifying a sentence
 Words: house, bag, box, etc.
 Phrases: green house, school bag, plastic box,etc.
 Sentences:
A boy found a gold coin.
 Clauses:

A boy found a gold coin, which belonged to old

Chinese Dynasty.

A boy, who met me the other day, found a gold coin,

which belonged to old Chinese Dynasty.
Clause Reduction
 A boy, who met me the other day, found
a gold coin, which belonged to old
Chinese Dynasty.
 A boy, who met (Ving) me the other day,
found a gold coin, which belonged
(Ving) to old Chinese Dynasty.
 A boy meeting me the other day found a
gold coin belonging to old Chinese
Dynasty.
Present Vs Past Participles
 I am bored.
 The story is boring.
 I am excited.
 The trip is exciting.
 The readers are interested.
 The books are interesting.
Subject - verb agreement
 Bobby sleeps.
 Bobby and his brother sleep.

 The students in my school are

motivated.
 One of the students in this class is my
nephew.
Superlative Degree
 David copperfield is the greatest
magician in the world.
 Plane is the fastest means of
transportation.
 Bali is the most beautiful tourism spot in
Indonesia.
Prepositions
Prepositions: on, in, at, for, of, from, with,
without, by, before, after, etc.

 I am sorry for coming late.

 Children are afraid of seeing clowns.
 Marrie is interested in cooking.
 We learn a second language primarily by
listening to native speakers.
Between Vs among
 There is no conflict between Steve and
James.
 Among various types of fruits, oranges
are my favorites.
 I could not find needles among the
bushes.
 Indonesia is rich among other asian
countries.
Pluralism
 A book – two books
 A house – two houses

Exception:
 A child – two children
 A man – two men
 A woman – two women

 A tooth – two teeth

 A foot – two feet

 A fish – two fish

 A deer – two deer
Adverb of manner
 Balinese dance is beautiful.
 The woman danced beautifully.

 The woman’s voice is very soft.

 The woman speaks softly.
Parallel Structure
 Learning a second language needs
motivation, experience and studying
relevant books.
 The tigers ran and attacking the deer for
their preys.
 The man comes and give me money.
So...that
 The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink
it.
 The weather is so cold that I wear a
sweater.
 The test is so difficult that I cannot
answer it.
 The wall is so high that nobody can
climb it.
Reading
 Three factors that boost your reading
skill:
1. Vocabulary Size (the more words you
have, the easier you read and
comprehend)
2. Schemata (Background Knowledge)
3. Text Composition (Paragraph
Arrangement)
Paragraph Arrangement
 All paragraphs in English Academic Writing are consistently
Deductive

The Overview of Surabaya City

Surabaya is a big city. It is inhabited by almost 4 million citizens. It

stretches around 350 km2. Travelers and visitors come to Surabaya
for different purposes because this city is accepted as the center of
business and education in eastern region of Indonesia. ......
For many years Surabaya has several major issues. The first problem
existing in this city is traffic jam. Streets are always busy any time,
not only during rush hours. The second major problem is flood. Poor
waterways and waste management greatly contribute to this problem.
.....