Political structure is a commonly used term

in political science. In a general sense, it refers

to institutions or groups and their relations to
each other, their patterns of interaction
within political systems and to
political regulations, laws and the norms present
in political systems

Political structure also refers to the way in which

a government is run
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential
form of government wherein power is equally
divided among its three branches: executive,
legislative, and judicial.

The government seeks to act in the best interests

of its citizens through this system of check and
balance.
 The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws,
alter, and repeal them through the power vested in the
Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and
the Vice President who are elected by direct popular
vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution
grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet.
These departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.
The Judicial branch holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights that are legally
demandable and enforceable.
1863 was the first time there was public education in the Philippines, and
even then the church controlled the curriculum.
The limited higher education in the colony was entirely under clerical
direction, but by the 1880s many sons of the wealthy were sent to Europe to
study. There, nationalism and a passion for reform blossomed in the liberal
atmosphere. Out of this talented group of overseas Filipino students arose
what came to be known as the Propaganda Movement.
Katipunan was formed under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio as they
prepared for an armed revolt
Independence was declared on June 12 (now celebrated as Independence
Day).
In September a constitutional congress met in Malolos, north of Manila,
which drew up a fundamental law derived from European and Latin
American precedents. A government was formed on the basis of that
constitution in January 1899, with Aguinaldo as president of the new country,
popularly known as the “Malolos Republic.”
 the training of Filipinos for self-government and ultimate
independence

the Philippine Commission, which had been acting as

both legislature and governor-general’s cabinet, became
the upper house of a bicameral body.

The new 80-member Philippine Assembly was directly

elected by a somewhat restricted electorate from single-
member districts, making it the first elective legislative
body in Southeast Asia.

Jones Act
 Under Jones Act provisions, the commission was abolished and was
replaced by a 24-member Senate, almost wholly elected. The electorate
was expanded to include all literate males.

Quezon came to Washington the following year to work for a new bill,
the same alliance of forces in the U.S. Congress obliged by producing the
almost identical Tydings-McDuffie Act.

it provided for a 10-year commonwealth during which the U.S. would

retain jurisdiction over defense and foreign affairs. Filipinos were to draft
their own constitution, subject to the approval of the U.S. president.

A constitutional convention was quickly elected and a constitution

(which bore a strong resemblance to its U.S. model) framed and approved
by plebiscite and by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 Marcos, who was approaching the end of his
constitutionally delimited eight years in office, had
narrower goals: he pressed for the adoption of a
parliamentary style of government
In January 1973 Marcos proclaimed the ratification of a
new constitution based on the parliamentary system,
with himself as both president and prime minister.
Shortly after taking office, she abolished the
constitution of 1973 and began ruling by decree. A new
constitution was drafted and was ratified in February
1987 in a general referendum; legislative elections in
May 1987 and the convening of a new bicameral
congress
Radical Revolution

Structural Revision

Change of Leaders

Change of Policy
