Design and development of vegetable cooling

van using FEA

Project Guide: Industrial Guide:

Dr. Bimal Kumar Mawandiya Mr. Vinay Reddy
Associate Professor CTO
Prepared by :
Kuldeepkumar M. Patel
18MMCC05

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 Content
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Concept design
• Work done
• Literature review
• Gantt chart
• References

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 Introduction
1. The cooling van is the chamber containing cooling 4. Chamber is made up of different section member
system to chilled down fruits and vegetables after and with sheets welded.
post harvesting.
2. After post harvesting, the produces try to breath
and leave out water droplets. So, not only
temperature but humidity also necessary to keep
within the safe range.
3. Proper insulation is provided to avoid heat loss
from chamber.

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 Objectives
1. To investigate and modify the frame of cooling chamber for placing maximum vegetable crates
2. To select proper cross section of members against bending stress to get Factor of safety
3. To perform the results of FEA and make the changes in frame to make it stiffen

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 Methodology
1. Conceptual design : To design the frame with maximum capacity to carry crates with ergonomically in use.
2. Theoretical analysis : By the basic concept of strength of material, considering the frame as fix beam and
calculate the maximum moment and section modulus by parallel axis theorem to evaluate Factor of safety
of bending frames.
3. Finite Element Analysis : Static structural, Model, Harmonic response analysis to check the critical weak
region. If found then use of stiffeners is placed to make it strengthen.

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 Concept design

Fig.1 : 1st Design Fig.2 : 2nd Design

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 Concept design

Fig.4 : Frame with slider

Table: I Final design details

Length
Width 1480 mm
Height
Overall weight 680 kg
Fig.3 : 3rd Design
Crates Carry 40

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 Work done
Required cooling equipment :
1. Evaporative cooling system (Solar energy powered misting system)
2. Battery and Inverter
3. Solar panels
4. Circulating Fan
5. Timer

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 Work done
• The section at which the loading is more is need to
be check against bending stress and should have
fos more than 2

• The optimised dimensional cross section of the

1st Region
member is calculated both from theoretical and
analytical
2nd Region

Region Weight
3rd Region 1 98 kg
2 320 kg
3 46 kg
Fig.5 : Maximum bending affected regions

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 Work done
o 1st Region (Battery storage frame) • Considering Frame as a fixed beam the maximum
moment value has been evaluated by manual
calculation and from software

• The value of Fos with different cross section with

respect to bending stress is tabulated below
Fig.7 : Fix beam
Cross section Fos Moment of Weight
(mm) inertia (mm3) (kg)
50 × 25 ×1.6 8.6 3 × 104 11.23
50 × 10 ×1.6 5.3 1.84 × 104 9.42
40 × 20 ×1.6 4 1.4 × 104 9.42

Fig.6 : Battery Frame Fig.8 : Bending moment

from ANSYS
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 Work done
o 2nd Region (Crates frame) • Considering Crates frame as 1D fixed beam and
maximum bending moment is evaluated

• The Fos value is evaluated near to 8

Fig.10 : Fix beam

Cross section Fos Moment of Weight
(mm) inertia (mm3) (kg)
Fig.9 : Crates Frame
40 × 20 ×1.6 15.36 4 × 105 9.3
30 × 20 ×1.6 12 3.8 × 105 8.18
25 × 12 ×1.6 7.9 2.6 × 105 6

Fig.11 : Bending moment

from ANSYS
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 Work done
o 3rd Region (Invertor frame) • The angles are relatively light in weight and hence
chosen to carry invertor weight which is after
evaluated as fixed beam

• After getting bending moment the fos value of

each sizes are compared in below table
Fig.13 : Fix beam
Cross section Fos Moment of Weight
(mm) inertia (mm3) (kg)

Fig.12 : Angle Frame 25 × 25 × 3 13.4 0.09 × 105 3.35

20 × 20 × 3 8.08 0.05 × 105 2.8

Fig.14 : Bending moment

from ANSYS
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A. Static structure
1. Theoretical calculation of base
frame members
2. The load of 740kg is applied to
inspect deflection and stress value
on frame
Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Work done
FEA Methodology
B. Model Analysis
3. In model, the deflection of
frame under 6 mode shapes with
respective natural frequency is
evaluated
4. Observed the deflection value
of natural frequency near to
excited frequency
C. Harmonic response
5. The different values of
acceleration given to frame to
examine the maximum value of
deflection
6. Provide the stiffeners at the
maximum deformed area
13
 Work done
A. Static analysis :

1. Selection of cross section for base frame

2. Applying total load
3. Check the results with standard IS 800 : 2017

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 Work done
A. Static analysis :

Result Obtained

Direction Max. von-mises Stress (FEA) Max. Disp. (FEA)

Left 7.2914 Mpa 0.181 mm

Right 8 Mpa 0.181 mm

Front 14.583 Mpa 0.06 mm

Back 21.874 Mpa 0.02 mm

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 Work done
C. Harmonic response analysis :
1. In this analysis, the boundary condition is given to frame in the form of acceleration.
2. Each side of frame has been assigned with different values of acceleration.

Value of acceleration Direction

15g Downward (vertical)
8.5g Right and left (Lateral)
6g Front and back (Longitudinal)

Fig. : Values of acceleration in all direction [18]

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 Work done

Fig. : 15g acceleration in downward direction Fig. : Deformation value with 15g acceleration

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 Work done
3. Reducing the deformation value with adding stiffeners adding to suspended part

Fig. :Stiffeners added to member Fig. :Deformation value after modification

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 Literature review
Author
Dewangan and Bhadania, (2015)
Esen and Tuna, (2015)
Atieh and Shariff, (2013)
Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Key description
Author investigated about different grades of stainless steel that
are used as engineering material for fabrication of equipment.
Austenitic SS exhibits high resistance towards corrosion and
oxidation which includes AISI 300 i.e., 304, 302 and 316. Mainly
SS304 offers excellent corrosion resistance and can be easily
fabricated and is often requested in special or unique uses related
to farm, garden and agricultural use
They have developed a misting system in arbour area to see the
significance changes in temperature and humidity compare to
surrounding area. There is sudden change in temperature from 35
to 10 °C has been found with 40 to 60% relative humidity in the
arbour area.
Demonstrated a modal of mist-based cooling system powered up
with solar energy. Timer has been set at a certain second to turn
ON/OFF the entire system the optimized setting time has been
decided 60s/20s, with reduction in temperature by 20 °C and
adding up the humidity by 20 % compare to surrounding area.
20
 Literature review
Author
Tassou et. al, (2009)
Pricop et. al, (2013)
Bajaj et. al, (2016)
Davoodabadi and Vinko, (2014)
Davidson, (2017)
Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Key description
Writers concluded a proper insulating material to insert in
between the sheets of structure in a rigid semi-trailer box to resist
the heat exchange, polyurethane (PU) foam evaluated as a high
value of coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.022 W/(mK) and can
be available upto 100mm thickness.
Evaluated the value of Fos for Offshore structure in order to enrich
the structure capacity to carry loads higher than normal use.
Calculated bending stress, Maximum moment, section modulus,
second moment of inertia and pressure applied on the frame of C-
channel of truck chassis to check against the factor of safety.
Author investigated a chassis ladder frame truck by maximum
stress and strain theory to get the cross section value and further
the stresses an deflection values is analysed by ANSYS software.
Analyzed heavy vehicle chassis frame by performing static and
dynamic analysis with different thickness of C channels. Different
values of stress and deformation have been listed in tabulated
form with different thickness.
21
 Literature review
Author
Kolur and Patil, (2018)
Nandu et. al, (2018)
Rao and Bhattu, (2019)
Wang et. al, (2017)
Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY
Key description
Author has developed an eco-friendly cooling cabinet to increase
the self-life of vegetables and fruits, by design, construction and
testing the chamber with evaporative cooling method.
Writers prepared chassis of formula car by design, analysis,
fabrication and testing. Solid works is used to prepare CAD model
and for analysis ANSYS is used. After fabrication vibration transfer
path analysis has been done on chassis to check week points.
Analyzed the dynamic nature of chassis ladder frame with 3
different materials using ANSYS Workbench. As a conclusion, they
modified the chassis design to study the changes in mode shapes
on respective natural frequency and try to push it away from
excited frequency to avoid resonance.
Examined the numerous values of acceleration on the different
locations of body/frame mounted components in an automobile
vehicle, value of acceleration in lateral, longitudinal and vertical
direct has been concluded.
22
 Literature review
Author Key description
Liebregts, (2014) Made analysis on truck chassis design in order to maintain
strength, weight, durability, and stiffness. The analysis method
presented, enables fast evaluation of many configurations in
geometry and parameter settings. The approach is based on an
automation of full vehicle model creation and analysis with linear
models in the frequency domain.
Rodrigues et. al, (2015) have design and analysis the chassis frame of caterham cars seven
160. Necessary components including chassis is designed in solid
works and analysis is done by FE method, the analysis on the
chassis parts determines the points of least resistance and alter
the geometry to eliminate critical points.
Chugh et. al, (2017) Reviewed the analysis and shape optimization of ladder chassis
frame for TATA truck Model No. TATALPT 2518. The beam with UDL
has been applied to simply supported beam (chassis) and
evaluated the moments at each section. the cross-section area has
been reduced because of high Fos value to see the optimal
solution at lower weight.

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 Literature review
Author Key description

Patel and Patel, (2012)
Analyzed the automobile frame chassis, in which the weight of
frame has been observed to be less by changing the dimensions of
C-channel. The work on chassis is optimized by considering the
constrains like equivalent stress and deflection of chassis under
maximum load.

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 Summary of literature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 Gantt chart
May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May

Literature Survey             

Conceptual design       

Design Calculation      
Analysis     
Study on testing of weld  
joints, Weld sequence and
Sheet warpage

Manufacturing of frame    
Thesis    

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 References
[1] https://www.tatamotors.com.gh/product/applications/distribution/fruit-and-vegetable-van/
[2]
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/now-mobile-sales-outlets-to-sell-vegetables- fruits/articl
e5944522.ece
[3] https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/mobile-vegetable-grocery-van-6460828512.html
[4] James F. Thomson, Carlos H. Crisosto, “Commercial cooling of fruits, vegetables and flowers” Agriculture
and natural resources publication 21567, (2002)
[5] Design handbook with directory of fasteners manufacturers, “Stainless steel fasteners a systematic
approach to their selection”
[6] C. Lipson, R.C. Juvinall, “Handbook of stress and strength: design and material applications” Macmillan.
[7] Dewangan AK, Patel AD, Bhadania AG “Stainless Steel for Dairy, Agriculture and Food Industry: A Review”
Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering Vol.: 4, Issue 5, (2015)
[8] Hikmet Esen and Omer Tuna, “Investigation of Photovoltaic Assisted Misting System Application for Arbor
Refreshment” Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Photoenergy Volume 2015, Article ID
748219, 11 pages (2015)
Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY 27
 References
[9] Ahmad Atieh and Samir Al Shariff, “Solar energy powering up aerial misting systems for cooling
surroundings in Saudi Arabia” Energy Conversion and Management Volume 65, Pages 670-674 , (2013)
[10] S. A. Tassou, G. De-Lille, J. Lewis, “Food transport refrigeration – Approaches to reduce energy
consumption and environmental impacts of road transport” Applied Thermal Engineering Volume 29, Issues
8–9,  Pages 1467-1477, (2009)
[11] Mihail Pricop, Valentin Oncica, Ionut Cristian Scurtu, “Factor of safety in offshore structures design
according to environmental loads” Published by Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy Scientific Bulletin, Volume
XVI – Issue 2, (2013)
[12] Abhinn Bajaj, Shahnawaz Alam, Akshansh Uniyal, “Static and modal analysis of truck chassis”
International journal of advanced technology in engineering and science Vol. 4, Issue no. 01, (2016)
[13] Iraj Davoodabadi, Vinko Višnjić, “Stress and dynamic analysis of optimized trailer chassis” Technical
journal 21, Vol. 3, Pages 599-608, (2014)
[14] C. J. Davidson, “Static, dynamic, and harmonic analysis of heavy vehicle chassis system” International
Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 2, ISSN: 2249-5762, (2017)

Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY 28

 References
[15] P. C. Kolur, S B Patil, “Design and Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Cooling Cabinet” International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072, Volume: 05, Issue: 06,
(2018)
[16] N. C. Nandu, A. R. Nair, P sreedharan, “Design, Analysis, Fabrication and Testing of a Formula Car
Chassis” International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Applications, Volume 5,
Issue 11, Part 3, Pages 24944-24953, (2018)
[17] S. Rao, A. Bhattu, “Dynamic Analysis and Design Modification of a Ladder Chassis Frame Using Finite
Element Method” Amity Journal of Computational Sciences (AJCS) Volume 1, Issue 2, ISSN: 2456-6616,
(2019)
[18] Liang Wang, Robert Burger, and Alan Aloe, “Considerations of Vibration Fatigue for Automotive
Components” SAE International journal commercial vehicles, Vol. 10 (1), (2017)
[19] DR. R. K. Bansal, “A text book of strength of materials” Laxmi publications (P) Ltd. Page 710-767.
[20] A. F. A. Rodrigues, L. C. Gertz, A. Cervieri, A.L.R. Poncio, A. B. Oliveira, M. S. Pereira, “Static and dynamic
analysis of a chassis of a prototype car” Society of automotive engineers International University of
California, SAE paper series 2015-36-0353 E, (2015)

Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY 29

 References
[21] A Chugh, R Ahuja, S Ranjan, “Shape optimisation of automobile chassis” International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV6IS020388 Vol. 6, Issue 02, (2017)
[22] V. Patel, R. Patel, “Structural Analysis of Automotive Chassis Frame and Design Modification for Weight
Reduction” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1, Issue 3, ISSN: 2278-
0181, (2012)
[23] DR. R. K. Bansal, “A text book of strength of materials” Laxmi publications (P) Ltd. Page 710-767.

Saturday, March 21, 2020 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY 30