STEERING SYSTEM

COMPONENTS AND
RACING TYRES

PRESENTED BY,
SURENDRA DAHAKE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
SVPCET,NAGPUR
 INTRODUCTION TO STEERING
SYSTEM

 * STEERING SYSTEM IS ONE OF THE CONTROL COMPONENT OF AN

AUTOMOBILE.
 FUNCTIONS OF STEERING SYSTEM:
 To allow the driver to guide the car while turning.
 To provide directional stability.
 To facilitate straight ahead recovery after completing a turn.
REQUIREMENT OF A
GOOD STEARING
SYSTEM
THE STEARING SYSTEM SHOULD BE,
1)VERY ACCURATE
2)EASY TO HANDLE
3)PROVIDE DIRECTIONAL STABILITY
4)MULTIPLY THE TURNING EFFORT APPLIED BY THE DRIVER
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS OF
STEERING SYSTEM
THE MAIN PARTS OF THE
STEERING SYSTEM ARE:

 1)Steering Wheel
 2)Steering Column
 3)Stearing shaft
 4) Stearing gear box
 5)Steering drop arm
 6)Pull and push rod
 7)Knuckle arm
 8)Tie rod and Tie rod end
WORKING OF STEERING
MECHANISM

 Steeringwheel➡Steering
column➡Gear box➡Cross
shaft➡Drop arm➡Drag
link➡Steering arm(tie rods to drag
link)➡Steering knuckle
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
STEERING PARTS

 1)Steering Wheel:
 It is made up of steel ring welded together on a hub with the help
of two, three or four spokes .After welding the spokes ebonite is
moulded on it.
 The steering wheel in our country is fixed, While in foreign
countries it can tilted.
 STEERING COLUMN:.
 This is a hollow steel pipe in which steel pipe is housed.
 The one end of the pipe is fixed on steering box, the other end of
the box is connected with the help of bracket to instrument panel
near steering wheel
 STEERING SHAFT:

 The shaft is made of good quality steel.

 One end is fixed to the steering wheel with the help of
splines or key and kept tight by nut. The other end is
connected to the worm in gear box.
STEERING GEAR BOX

 Its function is to convert rotary motion of steering wheel into to and

fro motion of the drop arm so that the drag link tied up with the
drop arm can be pushed or pulled resulting into moving stub axle to
right or left as desired by the driver.

DROP ARM
 It is forged out of good quality steel.
 Its one side is provided with splines which the
splines of shaft and held on shaft by nut.
STEERING GEARS AND ITS
CLASSIFICATION:

 The steering gears perform the following functions:

 Change the rotary motion of the steering wheel into the straight line motion
that will move the steering linkage.
CLASSIFICATION:
1) WORM AND WORM WHEEL STEARING GEAR
2) WORM AND NUT STEARING GEAR
3) WORM AND ROLLER STEARING GEAR
4) RECIRCULATING BALL TYPE STEERING GEAR
5) RACK AND PINION STEERING GEAR
WORM AND WORM WHEEL STEERING
GEAR
WORM AND NUT STEERING GEAR
WORM AND ROLLER STEERING
GEAR
RECIRCULATING BALL TYPE STEARING
GEAR
RACK AND PINION STEERING GEAR
STEERING RATIO

 Steering ratio is the number of degrees that

the steering wheel must be turned to pivot
the front wheels by one degree.
 For
Eg. The steering wheel must be turned 18
degrees to pivot the front wheels by one
degree.
REVERSIBILTY

 The steering is said to be reversible if

the deflection of the steered wheels due
to road surface is transmitted through
the steering linkage and steering gear
box to steering wheel
A steering system may be semi
reversible and irreversible
STEERING GEOMETRY :

 When a car is moving along a curve, all its

wheels should roll truly without any lateral
slip,this can be achieved if the axes of all four
vehicles intersect at one point.
 Theconcept of steering geometry may further
lead to the points discussed in later sections.
WHEEL ALIGNMENT :

 Wheel Alignment refers to the positioning of the and rear

wheels and steering mechanism that gives the directional
stability, promotes ease of steering and reduces wear and tear
to the minimum.
 The factors affecting stearing geometry :
 1.Camber 2.King pin inclination 3.Caster 4.Toe in 5.Toe
out
CAMBER:

 Camber is the tilting in or out of the front wheels from

the vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle.
 Case 1: When the top of the wheel tilts out, then it is
called as positive camber.
 Case 2: When the top of the wheel tilts in then camber is called
as negative camber.
 Amount of tilt is measured from the vertical and is called as
camber angle.
KING PIN INCLINATION:

 The angle between the vertical line and the king pin
centre line when viewed from the front is called as king
pin inclination
 Advantages:
 It helps the car to have steering stability
 It makes operation of steering more easy.
 It helps to reduce wear and tear of tyre.
 CASTER:

 The angle between the king pin centre line and the Vertical in
the plane of the wheel is called as caster angle.
 There may be positive caster and negative caster.
 The caster angle in modern vehicle ranges from 2 to 8 degrees.
 The positive caster increases the effort required to steer the
vehicle and keeps wheels straight ahead.
 The negative caster makes steeeing easier and it is provided in
heavy duty trucks.
TOE-IN

 The distance at the front end between the

front wheels is less than the distance
between them at the rear.
 The actual amount of toe in in only a few
millimeters (usually 3 to 5 mm)

TOE-OUT:
 The distance at the front end between the
tyres is Greater than the distance between
them at rear