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Venkat Bahl
Philips
Business Development Manager
Semiconductors Division
Market Application Landscape
Graphics Hi-Fi Digital
Text Internet audio Streaming video Multi-channel
video video
WAN
Long Range
Wi-Fi Wi-Fi5
802.11b LAN
802.11a/HL2
Short Range
ZigBee Bluetooth 2
802.15.4 WiMedia
Bluetooth 1 802.15.3
802.15.1 PAN
Semiconductors 3
ZigBee -Target Markets
• TV
• VCR
• Monitors • DVD
• Sensors Industrial & Consumer
• CD
• Automation Commercial Electronics • Remote
• Control
PC
Peripherals
• Mouse
Personal Low Data Rate • Keyboard
Healthcare Radio Devices • Joystick
• Gamepad
• Monitors
• Diagnostics
• Sensors • Security
• PETs Home
Toys • HVAC
• Gameboys Automation • Lighting
& • Educational • Closures
Games
Semiconductors 4
ZigBee Technology Adoption
Curve
Gap
ZigBee today
Semiconductors 5
ZigBee Rate of Adoption
Market Matures
Industrial Adoption
Initial Adoption
Time
Semiconductors 6
Standards Expectations
This will satisfy
all requirements
Market Expectations
Disillusionment
Everything
Market is OK
Interest Products
Builds start to ship
Obituaries
ZigBee today
Written
Time
Semiconductors 7
Market Size – Low Data Rate (No
) Low Data Rate Market
600
500
Million units
400
300 Others
200 Industrial Applications
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Years
Semiconductors 8
Market Segmentation 2002 - 2006
Segment Market Share 2002
•Industrial Applications will drive initial
market
0%
•Home Environment will become
48% Home
52%
Industrial
Others
Important
• Over time, there will be varied
Applications (Other)
18%
Home
13%
Industrial
Others
69%
Semiconductors 9
Some Details - Home Controls
Semiconductors 10
• Founding Members • Associate Members
– Cisco – ADT Security Services – Metering Technology
– GM – Autco Distributing – N.E.W. Customer Service
– Invensys – AVAD Companies
– The NewPower – Coactive Networks – Qubit Technology
Company – CompUSA – Reliant Energy
– Panasonic – Connected Lifestyles – Sage Systems
– Sears – Echelon – Sempra Energy Connections
– emWare – Ucentric Systems
• Contributing Members – Gatespace – Visteon
– Best Buy – Home Director – Western Digital
– Sun – Honeywell – zBox
– Info-linc
Semiconductors 11
Internet Home Alliance Survey
Findings
Zigbee can provideInterest
or help provide 3 of the 5 top
in Individual Features
features customers wantof the in a connected
Connected Home home
100%
Zigbee use in thermostat
90% Zigbee sensors eliminate the need to
simplifies wiring and
80% run wires throughout the house and
connectivity to the Internet
70%
make adding a new system to an old
house realistic
60% Zigbee’s technical
characteristics and cost
50%
% of are ideal for DAP
respondents40% applications
interested
30%
20%
10%
0%
Video on Demand Web-based Home Anywhere, Internet control of e-Kitchen
Security anytime file heat/HVAC
access
Semiconductors
Source: Zanthus CEO interview, Internet Home Alliance The Advantage magazine.
12
Connected Home Pilot Programs
Semiconductors
Source: US shipments in 2000 from Appliance Magazine March 2001, Time “Machine of the Year 2000”.
14
Market Requirements
Semiconductors 15
Market Requirements, cont...
Semiconductors 16
ZigBee - General Characteristics
• Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps
• Star topology, peer to peer possible
• 255 devices per network
• CSMA-CA channel access
• Optional Guaranteed Time Slot
• Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability
• Low power (battery life multi-month to years)
• Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz)
• Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)
• Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings)
• Location Aware: Yes, but optional
Semiconductors 17
ZigBee Alliance - IEEE - Customer
Relationship
Customer
Application
Application Interface
ZigBee Alliance
Network Layer
MAC Layer
IEEE
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
ZigBee
Silicon Application
Stack
Semiconductors 18
Range Estimation (Meters)
Network coordinator
Network node
IEEE node
Communications flow
Virtual links
Semiconductors 20
Other Network Forms
Network coordinator
Ad-hoc network
Network node
Gateway
Communications flow
Semiconductors 21
Supported Traffic Types
• Periodic data
– Application defined rate
• Intermittent
– Basic communication
Semiconductors 22
The Network Coordinator
• Transmits network beacons
• Sets up a network
• Receives constantly
Semiconductors 23
The Network Node
• Is generally battery powered
Semiconductors 24
Stack System Requirements
• 8-bit µ C, e.g. 80c51
Semiconductors 25
The ZigBee Alliance
Some Participants
CompXs
Semiconductors 27
Standardization Challenge
How do we make a protocol a
standard?
• ZigBee Alliance created with companies who share a
common vision
• Alliance initiates need for low data rate W-PAN in IEEE,
802.15.4 is born
• Both MAC and PHY proposals win vote in IEEE
• Alliance is focussed on:
– Upper Layers of stack
– Interoperability
– Marketing
• Keep initial participants limited until spec basics are
defined
Semiconductors 28
ZigBee vs
Bluetooth
Competition or Complementary?
But ZigBee is
Bluetooth is
Better
Best
For : IF :
• Ad-hoc networks • The Network is static
between capable • Lots of devices
devices • Infrequently used
• Handsfree audio • Small Data Packets
• Screen graphics,
pictures…
• File transfer
Semiconductors 30
Air Interface:
ZigBee Bluetooth
DSSS FHSS
11 chips/ symbol 1 M Symbol / second
62.5 K symbols/s
4 Bits/ symbol
Semiconductors 31
ZigBee Protocol Stack
Size/Complexity
Application
Application Interface
Network Layer
MAC Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
ZigBee
Silicon Application
Stack
Semiconductors 32
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Size/Complexity
User Interface
l a Cv
t es dae H
Fax
ssel dr o C
et o Nv
dr a Cv
Service
ll a C puor G
mocr et nI
e gasse Mv
pu-l ai D
Discovery
gni kr o wt e N
Telephony OBEX Protocol
Control
Protocol RFCOMM
(Serial Port)
HOST
eci o V
L2CAP
Host Control Interface
Link Manager
Link Controller
MODULE
Baseband
RF
Bluetooth
Silicon Applications
Stack
Semiconductors 33
Timing Considerations
ZigBee:
• New slave enumeration = 30ms typically
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms
typically
• Active slave channel access time = 15ms
typically
Bluetooth:
• New slave enumeration = >3s
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s
typically
• Active slave channel access time = 2ms
typically
Semiconductors 34
Initial Enumeration
ZigBee Bluetooth
Coordinator Coordinator
Semiconductors 35
Power Considerations
ZigBee Bluetooth
Semiconductors 36
Battery Life & Latency in a
Lightswitch
• Bluetooth would either :
– keep a counter running so
that it could predict which
hop frequency the light
would have reached or
– use the inquiry procedure
to find the light each time
the switch was operated.
Semiconductors 37
To reduce latency, Bluetooth
would:
• The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop)
• 30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second.
• Devices communicate once a second to track each other's clocks.
• Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100.
Semiconductors 38
To reduce power consumption,
Bluetooth would
• Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light
switch operated
• May typically take 10 seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ?
• Much Better In Bluetooth 1.2
– possibly reduced to tens of ms BUT
– Not all requirements have been adopted yet
Semiconductors 39
Light switch Conclusion
Semiconductors 40
Cost Standpoint
ZigBee:
• Minimum slave cost
• Minimum software and processing (80C51), no host
platform
• System design for eventual single-chip antenna-to-
application realisation
Bluetooth:
• Low added cost connectivity
• Take advantage of host processor power (ARM7…)
• 802.11 functionality but with simplified r.f.
specifications
Semiconductors 41
Solution Prices
ZigBee:
• Price 2003 - $6
• Price 2005 - $1.5-2.5
Bluetooth:
• Price Now - $10
• Price 2005 - $5
Semiconductors 43
ZigBee in Building Automation
• Existing solutions are either:
– Power Line Carrier based (PLC)
• Expensive ($15 - $40 BOM)
• Restricted to where there is existing power lines
• No mobility
• Interference from noisy inductance into the system (adding a fan, etc.)
• Security issues, PLC goes outside the home
• Interoperability is questionable
– Or proprietary
• Interoperability among various manufacturers
• Cost
• Existing RF solutions have limited capabilities
Semiconductors 44
ZigBee - Bluetooth - PLC
Comparison
ZigBee Bluetooth PLC
C ost (BOM) $5 $10 $15-$40
Power years hours N/ A
Data Rate 250Kbps 720Kbps 3/ 10 Mbps
C omplexity Low Medium High
Density 255 + 7 20-250
Interop Yes Yes No
Ease of Use Simple Moderate Restrictive
Latency 15ms >3s <15ms
Interference Low High High
Security High High Low
Semiconductors 45
Thank You