Vibration

Absorbers
Materi 09
Prodi
Teknik
Mesin
Univ.
Kristen
Petra
 Vibration Absorbers
Another approach to protecting a device from
steady-state harmonic disturbance at a
constant frequency is a vibration absorber.
Unlike the isolator of the previous sections,
an absorber consists of a second mass–
spring combination added to the primary
device to protect it from vibrating.
The major effect of adding the second
mass–spring system is to change from a
single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system
to a two degree-of-freedom (2DOF)
system.
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Vibration Absorbers

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Vibration Absorbers

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Vibration Absorbers

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 Vibration Absorbers
The new system has two natural
frequencies,
The added spring–mass system is called
the absorber.
The values of the absorber mass and
stiffness are chosen such that the
motion of the original mass is a
minimum.
This is accompanied by substantial motion
of the added absorber system,
Absorbers are often used on machines that
run at constant speed
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Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

It is desired to design the absorber

(i.e., choose ma and ka) such that the
displacement of the primary system is
as small as possible in steady state.
Here it is desired to reduce the
vibration of the table, which is the
primary mass.
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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

The goal is to obtain a solution in

terms of parameters (m, k, ma, and
ka) that can then be solved for as
part of a design process.
To this end, let the steady-state
solution
of x(t) and xa(t) be of the form:

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

Substitution of these steady-state

forms into previous equation, yields
(after some manipulation):

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

which is an equation in the vector [X

Xa]T. Dividing by sin ωt, taking the
inverse of the
matrix coefficient of [X Xa]T (see
Window 5.3), and multiplying from the
left yields the following equation

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Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

Equating elements of the vector equality

given by previous equation yields the result
that the magnitude of the steady-state
vibration of the device (table) becomes,

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

Themagnitude of vibration of the

absorber mass becomes,

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers

Note from X equation that the absorber

parameters ka and ma can be chosen
such that the magnitude of steady-
state vibration, X, is exactly zero.
This is accomplished by equating the
coefficient of F0 in equation X to zero:

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 Persamaan gerak Vibration
Absorbers
the original natural frequency of the
primary system without the absorber
attached

the natural frequency of the

absorber system before it is attached
to the primary system

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 Contoh soal
A radial saw base has a mass of 73.16
kg and is driven harmonically by a motor
that turns the saw’s blade as illustrated in
the figure.
The motor runs at constant speed and
produces a 13-N force at 180 cycles/min
because of a small unbalance in the
motor.
The resulting forced vibration was not
detected until after the saw had been
manufactured.
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Contoh soal

A schematic of a radial saw

system in need of a vibration
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 Contoh soal
The manufacturer wants a vibration
absorber designed to drive the
table oscillation to zero simply by
retrofitting an absorber onto the base.
Design the absorber assuming that
the effective stiffness provided by the
table legs is 2600 N/m.
In addition, the absorber must fit
inside the table base and hence has a
maximum deflection of 0.2 cm.
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 Contoh soal
Solution: To meet the deflection
requirement, the absorber stiffness is
chosen first.
This is calculated by assuming that X = 0,
so that |Xa ka| = |F0| [i.e., so that the mass
ma absorbs all of the applied force, with ka
= ma ω2]. Hence

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 Contoh soal

Since the absorber is designed such

that ω = ωa,
The mass of the absorber is:

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Normalized magnitude vs Freq
ratio

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 Normalized magnitude vs Freq ratio
Dengan freq ratio (rasio antara freq
gaya luar dgn freq system) sebesar
0,503, maka seluruh getaran pada
primary system akibat gaya luar
diserap oleh absorber, sehingga
norma-lized magnitude pada freq
ratio tsb = 0

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TERIMA KASIH

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