SIMILARITIES

• Both techniques are performed in conjunction with an IVF

cycle.
• Embryos formed as a result of IVF can be tested for
chromosomal abnormalities or genetic diseases prior to
embryo transfer
• in order to decrease the chance of finding a
chromosomal 
problem or diseased fetus during prenatal testing 
• These techniques can assist in the selection of the embryo
that is most likely going to result in the establishment of a
pregnancy and a healthy baby.
WHEN IS IT DONE?
• at the blastocyst stage (day 5 of development)
via trophectoderm biopsy (biopsy of placental
cells) for the most accurate results
• day 5 embryo testing requires that the embryos
be frozen immediately before the results are
back
• the normal embryos are transferred back during
the next menstrual cycle
 According to Lu et al. (2016),
"Preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening
(PGD/PGS) aims to help couples lower the risks of
transmitting genetic defects to their offspring,
implantation failure, and/or miscarriage during in
vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. However, it is still being
debated with regard to the practicality and diagnostic
accuracy of PGD/PGS due to the concern of invasive
biopsy and the potential mosaicism of embryos.”
Lu, L., Lv, B., Huang, K. et al. J Assist Reprod Genet (2016) 33: 1129.
Also, they said that lately, various "non-
invasive and high-throughput assays"
have been produced to aid in
overcoming the difficulties in the
traditional "invasive biopsy and low-
throughput analysis in PGD/PGS."
Lu, L., Lv, B., Huang, K. et al. J Assist Reprod Genet (2016) 33: 1129.
 GENETIC TESTING
Two of the recent advances in
assisted reproduction and genetics
are the Preimplantation Genetic
Screening (PGS) and the
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
(PGD).
 BENEFITS
- can help detect more than 100 known genetic diseases or
chromosomal abnormalities
- identify abnormal embryos, preventing unhealthy embryos from being
transferred to uterus
- performed before implantation thus allowing the couple to decide if
they wish to continue with the pregnancy
- reduces multiple pregnancy risk by identifying healthy embryos for
implantation
- procedure enables couples to pursue biological children who might not
have done so otherwise
- decreases risk to couples or individuals with serious inherited disorders
of having children affected with same problem
 RISKS
- require IVF which involves risks of ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome, multiple pregnancy, and increased risk of birth defects
not related to the genetic test
- risk of biopsy or freezing harming the embryo(s)
- false negative results could mean an abnormal embryo is
transferred to the uterus, resulting in a possible miscarriage
- false negative results could allow healthy embryos to be
discarded, limiting chances of a healthy pregnancy
- could reveal there are no normal embryos to transfer
- do not screen for all possible genetic diseases or disorders, so a
healthy baby is not guaranteed from a tested
 RISKS
- many people believe that because life begins
at conception, the destruction of an embryo is the
destruction of a person
- cannot completely eliminate this risk
- preimplantation genetic diagnosis does not replace
the recommendation for prenatal testing
 References:
Infertility, IUI, Artificial Insemination. New Hope Fertility Center. [accessed 2018 May 17]. https://www.newhopefertility.com/genetic-testing/

ivfembryogr. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. YouTube. 2011 Apr 9 [accessed 2018 May 17]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jmb4AwzPibY

newhopefertility. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). YouTube. 2011 Jan 17 [accessed 2018 May 17]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjL2XoNIO54

PGD Benefits & Risks | Denver | Colorado Fertility Specialists. University of Colorado Advanced Reproductive Medicine. [accessed 2018 May 17]. https://arm.coloradowomenshealth.com/services/ivf/pgd/risks

PGD - PGS - Evaluation of Embryos - Los Angeles IVF Center. USC Fertility. [accessed 2018 May 17]. http://uscfertility.org/ivf/pgdpgs/

PGD/PGS: testing of genetic equipment of the embryos before transferring to the uterus. cs. [accessed 2018 May 17]. https://www.fertility-ivf.eu/en/methods/pgd-pgs/

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Benefits & Concerns. American Pregnancy Association. 2017 Jul 15 [accessed 2018 May 17]. http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis/

Simpson JL. Preimplantation Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing. Prenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis. 2015:31–47.

Topping A. Welcome. [accessed 2018 May 19]. https://www.bioethics.ac.uk/topic/egg-sperm-donation.php

Elżbieta Chmielewska
(Ela)
Accountant
Gdansk, Poland
•What can you say about
IVF in Poland?
•How much in Zloty is that?
Elżbieta Chmielewska
(Ela)
Accountant
Gdansk, Poland

•What can you say about

freezing embryos?
Elżbieta Chmielewska
Accountant
Gdansk, Poland
• What can you say about IVF in Poland?
• How much Zloty is that?
• What can you say about freezing embryos?
Olga Paskevych
Computer Scientist
Kiev, Ukraine/ Munich,
Germany
•What can you say about
surrogacy?
Olga Paskevych
Computer Scientist
Kiev, Ukraine/ Munich,
Germany
•Is it an issue in Ukraine?
Sherry Silva-Mamasig, MD, OB/GYNE
Fellow, Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological
Society
Fellow, Philippine Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics
and Gynecology
Dr. Jesus C. Delgado Memorial Hospital Quezon City
13 years in practice
Sherry Silva-Mamasig, MD, OB/GYNE
San Pablo/ QC, Philippines

•What are the usual

biotechnological
advancements in human
reproduction?
Sherry Silva-Mamasig, MD, OB/GYNE
San Pablo/ QC, Philippines

•Do we have assisted

reproductive
technology/ies in the
Philippines?
Sherry Silva-Mamasig, MD, OB/GYNE
San Pablo/ QC, Philippines

•Are ARTs allowed in the

Philippines?
Sherry Silva-Mamasig, MD, OB/GYNE
San Pablo/ QC, Philippines

•How much do ARTs usually

cost in the Philippines?