The Romantic Era

By Josh Oyiki
Introduction
Romanticism was a sweeping movement in
the 1800s and early 1900s that influenced
the arts, literature, intellectual debate and
music. 
This movement emphasized emotional and
expressive individualism. 
The immense emotion lead to a need of a
bigger orchestra and as it grew to about 60
to sometimes 100 instrumentalists in the
orchestra a Conductor was needed whereas
previous a lead violinist might have led the
symphony.
Famous pieces from
the Romantic Era
•  Fantasie Impromptu Op.66 in C# by Fryderyk Chopin main theme is a consonance
•  Piano Concerto No. 1 in Bb minor (Op.23) by Tchaikovsky loud initial chords played in octave
succession. 
• Mephisto Waltz No. 1 S. 514 by Franz Liszt very emotional a feature found in Romantic music
• Liszt Sonata in B minor features sonata form exposition, development, and recapitulation and is 30
minutes of unbroken music
• Schubert - Three Piano Pieces, D.946 - No.3. in C Major a lot of syncopation and the coda also has
this syncopation.
Frederic Chopin
• Chopin was born on 1st March in the west of Warsaw Poland.
• He was sick for most of his life and had many bad relationships. 
• He left Poland when he was 20 years old and moved to Paris, France. 
• While he was there a rebellion against the Russian was occurring in his
home country.
• Unlike others he focused on the piano's sound.
• He was not trying to imitate other instruments' sound.
• His Famous works are his nocturnes, waltzes, piano concertos and etudes. 
• He was also friends with famous composer Liszt which turned into a bad
relationship because Liszt was his competition. Chopin got jealous.
Works
• Nocturne Opus 9 No.2 E this nocturne has
rhythmic freedom the left hand has a sequence of
eight notes throughout the piece in simple
arpeggios.
• Piano Concerto No.1 in Em the exposition
modulates to an unexpected parallel major key i-
I the orchestra plays the original theme while the
recapitulation is being played
• Minute Waltz Opus 64 No.1 in Db actually takes 2
minutes to play has tempo of molto vivace uses a
lot of crescendo and diminuendo
•  Etude Op 25 No.11 in Am the winter wind in
English the melody is sung through the heavy left
hand while the right-hand plays arpeggios
 The flute
• Theobald Beohm redesigned the flute to
improve range volume and intonation. 
The oboe
• Charles Triébert, inspired by Boehm's
design, similarly improved the Oboe.
The saxophone
•  the saxophone was patented by the
Belgian instrument maker and
musician, Adolphe Sax. Sax was
inspired to invent the saxophone
because he wanted to create an
instrument that combined the elements
of instruments from the woodwind and
brass family. 
The tuba 

Instruments • Johann Gottfried Moritz and his son,

Carl Wilhelm Moritz, invented the bass
tuba.

Evolving